我国学位立法的回顾与展望——兼评《学位法草案(征求意见稿)》  

Review and Prospect of the Academic Degrees legislation in China——Comments on the Draft Law on Academic Degrees

作　　者：湛中乐[1] Zhan Zhongle

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100091

出　　处：《新文科教育研究》2023年第2期77-89,142,143,共15页NEW LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION RESEARCH

摘　　要：《学位法》出台在即,对我国学位立法进行回顾与展望,可为我国《学位法》的出台提供指引。《学位法》的出台意在回应《学位条例》存在的不足,具体表现为名称不规范、学位形态不科学、学位类型不丰富、学位授权制度和救济方式不健全、学位授予争议解决方式不完善、欠缺学位质量保障机制这六个方面。从《学位法草案(征求意见稿)》的规定看,其亮点是在一定程度上回应了《学位条例》的不足,但尚有进一步提升的空间,这表现为国家学位制度需转型,学位类型需继续扩充,学位授权中的监督、救济机制有待完善与健全,学位授予单位的标准制定权缺乏限制,法定学位授予条件相对复杂,学位授予中的程序性规定有待进一步完善,学位法所涉主体和事项的运行规则不够完备。为补正《征求意见稿》的不足,增加有效的制度供给,未来《学位法》的出台应分别有针对性地削减学位授权中的行政管理属性、补充荣誉学位类型、明确学位授权活动中国务院教育行政部门和省级学位委员会的职权和分工、完善学位授权中的救济制度、为学位授予单位的标准制定权设定实质性限制、简化学位授予条件、完善学位授予评定中的构架和规则以及完善学位争议处理中的程序性规则。A review and prospect of the academic degrees legislation can provide guidance for the enactment of the Law on Academic Degrees.The law is intended to respond to the deficiencies of the Regulations on Academic Degrees,including non-standard name,unscientific degree form,few grades of degree,unsound degreeconferring system and relief method,imperfect settlement of degree conferring dispute,and lack ofguarantee mechanism for degree quality.As for the Draft Law on Academic Degrees,it well responds to the deficiencies of the Regulations on Academic Degrees to some extent,but there is still room for further improvement.For example,national academic degree system needs to be transformed,the grades of degrees need to be further expanded,the supervision and relief mechanism in degree conferment needs to be perfected,and the right of degree-conferring units to set standards needs to be restricted,the conferment conditions of legal degree conferring remains complex,the procedural provisions in degree conferment need to be further improved,and the operating rules of the subjects and matters involved in the law are not complete.In order to make up for the deficiencies of the Draft Law on Academic Degrees and improve the system,the enactment of Law on Academic Degrees should reduce the administrative attributes in degree conferment,increase the grades of honorary degrees,clarify the powers and division of labor of the education authorities of the State Council and provincial academic degree committees in degree conferment,perfect the relief system in degree conferment,set substantive restrictions on the right of degree-conferring units to set standards,simplify the conditions of degree conferment,improve the framework and rules of degree awarding evaluation and perfect the procedural rules of degree dispute settlement.

关 键 词：《学位法草案(征求意见稿)》 学位形态 学位管理体制 学位授予 《学位条例》 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]