清末民初留学毕业生考选制度探析  

Study on the Recruitment of the Overseas Students in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

作　　者：张卫杰 ZHANG Weijie(Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学,南京210023

出　　处：《中国考试》2023年第6期83-89,共7页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：2015年度国家社科基金重大项目“中国第一历史档案馆清代留学档案的整理与研究”(15ZDB040)。

摘　　要：清末留学毕业生考选仿照科举制。即便在科举废止后,留学毕业生考选表面上参酌西方文官考试制度,具体措施仍大多仿照殿试成例。经由君主亲自操控擢用之权,通过殿试的留学毕业生成为天子门生。在政治制度发生巨大变革的背景下,民国初期留学毕业生考选并未发生根本性转变,考选章程及其实施仍仿清末旧制。通过政事堂考试,袁世凯选拔留学毕业生为总统门生。揽才揽权是君权思想在清末民初留学毕业生考选中的具体表现。During the late stage of the Qing Dynasty,the selection/appointment of overseas students by the government imitated the traditional Imperial Examination System(IES).Outwardly,the government referred to the advanced Western Civil Service Examination System after the abolition of IES.However,the selection of overseas students still largely followed the outdated and decayed measures taken by the IES.After passing the final imperial examination presided over by the emperor,the recruited candidates became the student of the emperor.Under the circumstance of significant changes in the political system,the great reformation of the selection system did not happen,which still followed the old system of the late Qing Dynasty.After the examination performed in the Political Affairs Hall,President Yuan Shikai selected overseas graduates as presidential candidates.Totally controlling the power of recruiting talented people is a manifestation of the monarchy's ideology in the selection of overseas graduates in the late Qing and early Republic of China.

关 键 词：清末民初留学毕业生考选 科举制 殿试 君权 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]