水培叶菜镉累积特征及生物可给性研究  

Study of Cadmium Accumulation and Bioaccessibility for Hydroponic Leafy Vegetables

作　　者：马骏 史广宇[1,2] 施维林 王俊霞[1,2] 程媛媛 MA Jun;SHI Guangyu;SHI Weilin;WANG Junxia;CHENG Yuanyuan(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering,Suzhou 215009,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏苏州215009 [2]江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2023年第3期48-55,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(41807142);江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室项目(JSHJZDSYS-202002)。

摘　　要：作者水培种植4种常见叶菜(空心菜、生菜、茼蒿和小白菜),并开展体外消化实验,研究不同Cd浓度处理对4种叶菜鲜重、株高、耐性指数、Cd累积特征和转移因子(TF)的影响,以及Cd浓度梯度和固液比对Cd生物可给性的影响。结果表明,空心菜鲜重减少量最高,根部为83.2%,地上部为67.9%;小白菜地上部减少量最少,为26.7%;随着Cd浓度的增加,4种叶菜的株高均下降,其中空心菜株高下降最显著;小白菜和茼蒿对Cd的耐受性高于生菜和空心菜。小白菜TF最大,空心菜TF最小,生菜与茼蒿TF值居中;在较低Cd^(2+)浓度(即1 mg/L、2 mg/L)下,生菜TF大于茼蒿,而高浓度(即4 mg/L)下,茼蒿TF大于生菜。4种叶菜Cd生物可给性均随Cd浓度升高而增大,且胃阶段生物可给性大于小肠阶段,当固液比从1∶100增加到1∶30时,4种叶菜生物可给性均下降,且与茼蒿、空心菜相比,生菜与小白菜的降幅更显著。不同处理下,茼蒿和生菜的生物可给性数值均较高:胃阶段分别为35.46%~92.75%,57.72%~76.73%;小肠阶段分别为12.26%~42.97%,23.37%~47.87%。In vitro digestion experiments were undertaken to study the effects of various Cd concentrations on the fresh weight,height,tolerance index,Cd accumulation characteristics and transfer factors for four types of leafy vegetables hydroponically cultivated(i.e.water spinach,lettuce,chrysanthemum and pakchoi).The impact of Cd on both pollution levels and solid-liquid ratios on the bioaccessibility of these four vegetables were also investigated.It revealed that the fresh weight reduction of water spinach was the most significant,with roots(83.2%)and shoots(67.9%);and the shoots of pakchoi were the least(26.7%).With the increase of Cd concentration,the plant height of four leaf vegetables decreased,among which,the plant height of water cabbage decreased most significantly.Pakchoi and chrysanthemum were more resistant to Cd toxicity,lettuce and water spinach had poorer tolerance to Cd.Cd accumulation in root was higher than that in the shoot for all vegetables.The order of TF at Cd^(2+)concentration ranging from 1 to 2 mg/L was pakchoi>lettuce>chrysanthemum>water spinach,and the TF order became pakchoi>chrysanthemum>lettuce>water spinach at 4 mg/L of Cd,indicating that pakchoi could accumulate more Cd.The bioaccessibility of Cd in four leafy vegetables increased with the increase of Cd concentration,and the bioaccessibility in the gastric stage was always greater than that in the small intestine stage.When the solid-liquid ratio increased from 1∶100 to 1∶30,the bioaccessibility of the four vegetables decreased.The bioaccessibility of chrysanthemum and lettuce under different treatments were always higher than the other two types of vegetables.Under different Cd treatments,the bioaccessibility of chrysanthemum and lettuce were higher than the other two types of vegetables:stomach stage were 35.46%~92.75%,57.72%~76.73%;small intestine stages were 12.26%~42.97%,23.37%~47.87%respectively.

关 键 词：叶菜类蔬菜 镉 累积 体外消化方法 生物可给性 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]