体育活动中自甘风险制度适用探究  

Exploration on application of voluntary risk system in sports activities

作　　者：邵道萍[1] 邱易 SHAO Dao-ping;QIU Yi(Law School,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学法学院,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《沈阳工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期181-185,共5页Journal of Shenyang University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划基金项目(AHSKYG2017D113)。

摘　　要：自《民法典》施行以来,各地法院在处理体育活动参与者致人损害案件中,不可避免地涉及自甘风险制度适用问题。从文义上分析,其构成要件包括文体活动、风险、参与人自愿、行为人非故意或重大过失。由于该制度法条简洁,不同学者对其构成要件理解不一,法官在实务操作中缺少判断标准、自由裁量空间过大,导致截然相反的判决结果频频出现。针对其构成要件“自愿参加存在一定风险的文体活动”进行研究,认定该要件应当以参与人“应知”固有风险的存在为前提,兼顾自甘风险人的个体差异,结合参与人的认知能力、职业化程度以及体育活动对抗性强度等因素进行综合判断。Since the implementation of the Civil Code,local courts have inevitably involved in the application of voluntary risk system in dealing with cases of injury caused by participants in sports activities.Analyzed from literary content,its constituent elements include recreational activities,risks,participant voluntary,and unintentional or gross negligence of actors.Due to the articles of law are simple in the system,different scholars have different understandings of its constitutive requirements.Judges lack judgment standards and have too much space for discretion in practical operation,which leads to frequent opposite judgment results.Research is produced aiming at its constituent element of“voluntary participation in recreational activities with a certain risk”.The identification of this element should be based on the existence of the inherent risks that the participants“should know”,consider the individual difference of person who bears voluntary risk,and make a comprehensive judgment in combination with the cognitive ability,professional degree of participants and the antagonistic intensity of sports activities.

关 键 词：体育活动 自甘风险 自愿参与 主观过错 职业化 对抗性 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]