受教育程度对流动人口就业质量的影响研究  

A Study on the Impact of Educational Attainment on the Employment Quality of China’s Floating Population

作　　者：王胜今[1] 刘末 WANG Shengjin;LIU Mo(Northeast Asian Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《人口学刊》2023年第3期49-62,共14页Population Journal

摘　　要：随着流动人口规模持续扩大,流动人口的就业问题引起广泛关注,全面提升流动人口就业质量已成为社会经济转型时期推动高质量发展的迫切任务。在实现共同富裕的道路上,教育发挥着基础性、持久性、引领性的作用,是实现人力资本积累、提高劳动生产率的重要途径。同时,受教育程度作为劳动者人力资本的重要组成部分,影响着用人单位对劳动者工作能力的评定。然而对于从事劳动密集型行业的流动人口来说,教育对这一群体的就业质量究竟有怎样的影响?本文将通过构建就业质量评价指标,运用2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据实证研究受教育程度对流动人口就业质量的影响,比较受教育程度对不同性别流动人口就业质量影响的差异。研究表明:受教育程度的增加将会显著提高流动人口的就业质量,表现为收入增加,工作时间减少,就业稳定性增加以及社会保障参保率提高;在流动人口内部,教育对男性流动人口就业质量、收入和就业稳定性的提高作用大于女性;而对减少女性流动人口工作时间,提升获得社会保障可能性的影响更大。根据研究结果,结合我国国情,建议重视对农村地区教育资源的财政投入,加大落后地区的义务教育宣传力度,增加对落后地区女性的教育投资,保障女性流动人口的劳动权益。The scale of the floating population continues to expand,and the employment of the floating population has attracted widespread attention.To comprehensively improve the employment quality of floating population has become an urgent task to promote high-quality development in the period of social and economic transition.On the road to common prosperity,education plays a fundamental,lasting and leading role.It is an important way to accumulate human capital and improve labor productivity.At the same time,educational attainment is an important component of workers’human capital and affects employers’assessment of their ability to work.However,what is the impact of education on the employment quality of the floating population,who are mostly engaged in labor-intensive industries?By constructing employment quality evaluation indicators and using data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey,this paper empirically investigates the impact of educational attainment on the employment quality of the floating population,and compares the differences in the impact of educational attainment on the employment quality of the floating population by gender.The study shows that an increase in educational attainment will significantly improve the employment quality of the floating population,in terms of increased income,reduced working hours,increased employment stability,and increased social security participation rate.Within the floating population,the effect of education on the quality of employment,income and employment stability is greater for men than for women;while it has a greater impact on reducing the working hours of women and improving the possibility of obtaining social security of women.Based on the results of the study,and taking into account China’s national conditions,this paper puts forward some policy recommendations such as attaching importance to financial investment in education resources in rural areas,increasing the promotion of compulsory education in backward areas,increasing investment in educati

关 键 词：受教育程度 流动人口 就业质量 性别歧视 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]