强降雨环境下公路车辆制动安全性分析  

Analysis on Braking Safety of Highway Vehicle Under Heavy Rainfall Environment

作　　者：毛军[1] 盛旭高 MAO Jun;SHENG Xugao(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《安全》2023年第5期1-8,共8页Safety & Security

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52172336)。

摘　　要：为分析强降雨环境下公路车辆的制动安全可靠性,基于2种停车视距模型引入可靠性理论,将降雨强度、车速及驾驶员思索时间视为随机变量,运用蒙特卡罗模拟方法建立强降雨环境下公路车辆制动安全可靠性分析模型,以研究不同降雨强度、不同车速下公路车辆的停车视距。研究结果表明:降雨强度一定时,2种计算模型的停车视距差值随着车速的增大而增大,车速一定时,2种计算模型的停车视距差值随着降雨强度的增大基本不变;若随机变量服从正态分布,停车视距也近似服从正态分布,且模型Ⅱ的分布均值大于模型Ⅰ,模型Ⅱ的分布标准差近似于模型Ⅰ;车辆的制动失效概率随着车速及降雨强度的增大而增大,车速及降雨强度一定时,基于模型Ⅱ计算的车辆制动失效概率略高于模型Ⅰ;车辆的临界车速随着降雨强度的增大而降低,随着制动失效概率的增大而增大,车辆制动失效概率及降雨强度一定时,基于模型Ⅰ计算的临界车速略高于模型Ⅱ;较传统确定性方法相比,基于可靠性方法可以获得更为合理的雨天行车安全临界车速,当降雨强度为4mm/min,失效概率为0.000 1时,临界车速已低于45km/h。In order to analyze the reliability of the braking safety of highway vehicles under heavy rainfall environment,the reliability theory was introduced based on two kinds of stopping sight distance.A reliability analysis model for the highway vehicle under the heavy rainfall environment was established using the Monte Carlo simulation method,in which rainfall intensity,vehicle speed and driver's thinking time were taken as random variables to research the stopping sight distance under different rainfall intensity and different vehicle speed.The results show that when the rainfall intensity is constant,the difference of the stopping sight distance between two models increases with the increase of the vehicle speed,and when the vehicle speed is constant,the difference of the stopping sight distance between two models is approximately constant with the increase of the rainfall intensity;and that if the random variables obey the normal distribution,the stopping sight distance is also approximately obey the normal distribution,and the distribution mean value of modelⅡis larger than that of modelⅠ,and the distribution standard deviation of modelⅡis approximately similar to that of modelⅠ;and that the probability of the vehicle braking failure increases with the increase of vehicle speed and rainfall intensity,and when the vehicle speed and rainfall intensity are constant,the probability of the vehicle braking failure calculated based on modelⅡis slightly higher than that calculated by modelⅠ;and that the critical vehicle speed decreases with the increase of rainfall intensity and increases with the increase of braking failure probability,and when the braking failure probability and the rainfall intensity are constant,the critical vehicle speed calculated based on modelⅠis slightly higher than modelⅡ;and that compared with the traditional deterministic method,the reliability method can obtain a more reasonable safe critical vehicle speed in rainy days.When the rainfall intensity is 4mm/min and the failure p

关 键 词：停车视距 可靠性 制动安全 临界车速 失效概率 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学] U491.4[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]