“道可道,非常道”新解  

On an New Explanation of "Dao Ke Dao,Fei Chang Dao"

作　　者：赵玉[1] Zhao Yu(School of Literature,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学文学院,山东济南250022

出　　处：《齐鲁师范学院学报》2023年第3期69-76,139,共9页Journal of Qilu Normal University

摘　　要：历代学者对“道可道,非常道”的解释一直存在争议,大体有三种立场:道不可言说;道可以言说;与道可否言说无关。鉴于此,学界试图给出一种新的解释:道可以说,但不是恒常地说,即不能用固定不变或常规的方式说。名在于“定形”,道无形又似有形,因此只能勉强命名,但“命名”会让存在者变得可知却不再可感,命名与言说将有形的可感之物变成抽象的可知之物。然而“道”既可知亦可感,同时又非单纯地可知抑或单纯地可感。可知的部分可以言说;可感的部分则依赖人对世界的切身体验,而一旦诉诸言语,其切身性也随之隐匿。所以道既可说又不可说,但又不得不说,于是便只能勉强地说,或者用违反常规的言说方式说。How to understand"Dao Ke Dao,Fei Chang Dao"is a controversial question among scholar almost in all ages,and three positions are given:Dao can be spoken,Dao can't be spoken,and it's not about speech of Dao.This paper intends to give it a new understanding and interpretation,that is,Dao can be spoken,but not in a fixed and normal way.Only physical objects could be named.Tao is invisible and seemingly tangible so it can be named reluctantly.Naming and speaking make the physical objects knowable,but no longer perceptible.They change the tangible and perceptible things into abstract knowable things.Dao is both physical and unphysical,and could both be known and be felt.The portion of the knowable can be spoken,while the other portion of the perceptible needs one's first-hand experience,and it couldn't be conveyed completely by language.So,Dao is both speakable and unspeakable,it only could be spoken in an abnormal way.

关 键 词：道 言说 命名 新解 

分 类 号：B223.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]