多模式超声辅助压缩机床关键零部件设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Key Components of Multi-Mode Ultrasonic Assisted Compressor Machine Tool

作　　者：莫远东 洪新密 连海山 莫德云 MO Yuan-dong;HONG Xin-mi;LIAN Hai-shan;MO De-yun(Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Institute,Lingnan Normal University,Guangdong Zhanjiang 524048,China)

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院机电工程学院,广东湛江524048

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2023年第6期119-124,共6页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51705228);岭南师范学院自然科学资助项目(1170918183);岭南师范学院3D打印实验室建设资助项目(1201118014)。

摘　　要：设计并研制了一台多模式超声辅助压缩机床,并对其超声驱动系统与振动系统关键零部件进行了详细设计。通过对超声振动系统进行设计,保证了两超声振子性能参数相近并在精压缩模式下正常工作。超声驱动系统采用基于FP⁃GA控制系统设计:(1)具有自动扫频及频率自动跟踪的功能;(2)具有反馈、自我保护功能;(3)具有人机交互,加工参数可视化功能。机床具有结构简单、多工作模式、操作方便等特点,加工模式有以下三种:(1)粗压缩:无超声辅助压缩加工;(2)半精压缩:在超声辅助条件下单振子压缩加工;(3)精压缩:在超声辅助条件下双振子同时压缩加工。应用该机床对甘蔗秸秆物料进行了压缩试验,由试验结果可知,在加工过程中呈现良好的工作状态,能实现三种不同模压缩加工。在同等条件下,超声辅助条件下的精压缩和半精压缩模式分别相对于无超声辅助的普通压缩的粗压缩模式下所得压块致密性提高了22.07%和43.45%,可以看出超声辅助压缩模式在提高生物质压块致密性方面有明显的优势。A multi-mode ultrasonic assisted compressor tool was designed and developed,and the key components of its ultrasonic drive system and vibration system were designed in detail.Through the design of the ultrasonic vibration system,it is ensured that the two ultrasonic vibrators have similar performance parameters and work normally in the precision compression mode.The ultrasonic drive system is designed based on FPGA control system:(1)With functions of automatic frequency sweep and automatic frequency tracking;(2)With feedback and self-protection functions;(3)With human-computer interaction and visualization of processing parameters.The machine tool has the characteristics of simple structure,multiple working modes,convenient operation,etc.There are three processing modes:(1)Coarse compression:no ultrasonic assisted compression processing;(2)Semi-precision compression:single vibrator compression processing under ultrasonic assisted conditions;(3)Precise compression:simultaneous compression processing with dual vibrators under ultrasonic assisted conditions.The machine tool was used to perform compression tests on sugarcane straw materials.It can be seen from the test results that it presents a good working state during the processing and can achieve compression processing with three different molds.Under the same conditions,the fine compression and semi-precision compression modes under the ultrasound-assisted condition have improved compactness by 22.07%and 43.45%,respectively compared to the coarse compression mode without ultrasound assistance which can be seen that the ultrasonic-assisted compression mode has obvious advantages in improving the compactness of biomass briquettes.

关 键 词：超声辅助压缩 振动系统 驱动系统 机床设计 多模式 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TB559[理学—物理]