入湖口沉积物重金属对微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Heavy Metals on Microbial Communities in Lacustrine Sediments

作　　者：朱小杰 黄健 张华 王金花 陶传奇 周宇 曼亚灿 ZHU Xiaojie;HUANG Jian;ZHANG Hua;WANG Jinhua;TAO Chuanqi;ZHOU Yu;MAN Yacan(School of Environmental and Energy ngineering,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601,China;Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Hefei 230601,China;Anhui Research Academy of Ecological Civilization,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]环境污染控制与废弃物资源化利用安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230601 [3]安徽省生态文明研究院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2023年第4期176-182,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项项目(2019YFC0408504);安徽省高校省级自然科学研究项目(KJ2019ZD52,KJ2020A0466,KJ2021A0619);安徽建筑大学引进人才及博士启动基金项目(2019QDZ64,0219QDZ60)。

摘　　要：重金属因其可蓄积、有毒性、易积累性等固有性质会对河流沉积物中的微生物群落产生较大影响。为了进一步探索南淝河入湖口重金属对微生物群落结构、多样性和功能的影响,找出诊断入湖口沉积物污染的合适的生物指示物,在南淝河入湖口采集了9个位点沉积物样品。结果表明:通过污染负荷指数评价,研究区域的污染状况处于中度污染水平;相比沉积物理化性质,重金属更能解释微生物群落的变化;重金属显著影响微生物群落的结构,金属Zn和Ni的含量与绿弯菌门及分其类水平下脱卤球菌纲显著性负相关,5种金属元素与厌氧绳菌纲也有一致的负相关;此外,重金属显著地影响微生物群落的功能,包括翻译、复制和修复、折叠、分类和降解、转录及核苷酸代谢功能。基于敏感微生物类群的丰度和预测功能,建立了反映和预测沉积物重金属污染状况的生物指示物:脱卤球菌纲、复制功能和修复与翻译功能。研究结果为重金属胁迫下沉积物的生物修复与环境检测提供了参考。Heavy metals have a great influence on microbial communities in river sediments due to their inherent properties such as accumulation,toxicity and easy accumulation.However,the response of different microorganisms to heavy metal pollution is still unclear.In order to further explore the impact of heavy metals on microbial community structure,diversity and predicted function,and to find suitable biological indicators for the diagnosis of sediment pollution at the entrance of the lake,nine sediment samples were collected from the entrance of the Nanfei River.The results showed that the pollution status was at the moderate level through the evaluation of pollution load index.Compared with the physical and chemical properties of sediments,heavy metals can explain the changes of microbial community better.Heavy metals significantly affected the structure of the microbial community.The contents of Zn and Ni were negatively correlated with Chloroflexi and Dehalococcoidia,and the five metallic elements were negatively correlated with Anaerolineae.In addition,heavy metals significantly affected the predictive functions of microbial communities,including translation,replication and repairing,folding,sorting and degradating,transcription and nucleotide metabolism.Based on the abundance and prediction function of sensitive microbial groups,bioindicators for reflecting and predicting heavy metal contamination in sediments were established,including Dehalococcoidia,replication and repair function,and translation function.The in-depth study on the effects of heavy metals on microorganisms and the establishment of bioindicators provide a new reference for the mechanism of the effects of heavy metals on microorganisms and environmental detection.

关 键 词：微生物群落 重金属 响应方式 生物指示物 环境检测 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]