“三权分置”视域下宅基地使用权退出制度探解  

Exploring the Withdrawal System of Homestead Use Right from the Perspective of“Separation of Three Rights”

作　　者：仇晓光[1,2,3] 杨硕 Qiu Xiaoguang;Yang Shuo

机构地区：[1]吉林财经大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学 [3]国家检察官学院 [4]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2023年第2期170-180,共11页Law and Modernization

基　　金：吉林省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目“吉林省困境企业预重整法律制度研究”(JJKH20200082SK)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宅基地使用权的收回在整个农村宅基地制度中居于重要的地位,其实质是“宅基地使用权强制退出”。但目前理论界未能给予该问题充分的关注,在个别问题上甚至出现歧见纷呈的混乱局面。梳理我国司法实践中宅基地使用权收回的案例可发现,宅基地使用权收回在农村城镇化进程中发挥了重要的作用,也存在诸多实践难题,如宅基地使用权收回主体的确定以及收回事由的确定。“三权分置”改革的推进,对宅基地使用权收回制度提出了新的要求。其中,落实集体土地所有权意在重塑宅基地使用权的公益性收回;保障宅基地农户资格权意在重构宅基地使用权身份性收回;适度放活宅基地使用权要求重构宅基地使用权惩罚性收回。未来的立法应采用权利行使的逻辑,重构宅基地使用权收回的理论基础,并配置相应的规范。The revocation of the right to use rural homesteads plays an important role in the entire rural homestead system,and its essence is the“mandatory withdrawal of the right to use homesteads”.However,the academics have yet given sufficient attention to this issue,and even in some individual issues,there have been confusing situations caused by differences in opinion.By combing through the cases of the revocation of the right to use homesteads in China s judicial practice,we have found that the revocation of the right to use homesteads has played an important role in the rural urbanization initiative,but also faces many practical challenges,such as determining the subject of the revocation of the right to use homesteads and the reason for the revocation.The advancement of the reform of“separation of three rights”(i.e.,the rural homestead collective land ownership,the qualification rights for homestead allocation,and the homestead land use rights)has put forward new requirements for the system of revocation of the right to use homesteads.Among them,the implementation of collective land ownership aims to reshape the public welfare nature of the revocation of the right to use homesteads;the protection of the qualification rights for homestead allocation aims to reconstruct the identity of the revocation of the right to use homesteads;and the moderate relaxation of the right to use homesteads requires the reconstruction of the punitive nature of the revocation of the right to use homesteads.Future legislation should adopt the logic of exercising rights,reconstruct the theoretical basis for the revocation of the right to use homesteads,and configure corresponding norms.

关 键 词：三权分置 宅基地使用权 退出制度 终止权 

分 类 号：D922.32[政治法律—法学] D923.2