论悔罪在认罪认罚从宽制度中的体系定位  

Research on the System Orientation of Repentance in the Leniency System of Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishment

作　　者：程龙[1] Cheng Long

机构地区：[1]云南大学法学院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2023年第2期87-101,共15页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“人工智能辅助量刑研究”(项目编号:20CFX004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：悔罪在认罪认罚从宽制度中的体系定位颇有争议。从原则上看,认罪认罚从宽当然包含了悔罪因素。但是,悔罪与认罪认罚从宽制度的协商性、权利保障以及效率追求均有一定的紧张关系。悔罪行为根据其程度与原因可以有自我否定、自愿被否定以及因威慑而服从等不同层级的区分,不宜完全排斥悔罪中的功利成分。据此,真诚悔罪不是认罪认罚从宽的成立要件,而是界分理想型与非理想型认罪认罚的界限要素;同时,也是释明认罪认罚从宽真实性与自愿性的解释要素。对悔罪的判断无法从客观行为直接进行,而应以认罪认罚的成立推定悔罪。当然,这一推定是可反驳的。认罪认罚从宽案件中被告人辩护与上诉不应过于限制,其与悔罪与否并无必然关系,应予谨慎对待。The system orientation of repentance in the leniency system of pleading guilty and accepting punishment is quite controversial.In principle,leniency of pleading guilty and accepting punishment certainly involves an element of repentance.However,there is a certain tension between the repentance and the leniency system of pleading guilty and accepting punishment in terms of negotiability,guarantee of rights and pursuit of efficiency.In terms of normative orientation,repentance may be defined from different levels depending on its degree and reasons,such as self-denial,voluntarily being denied,and obedience due to deterrence,and it is not advisable to demand the complete exclusion of the utilitarian elements of repentance.Repentance is a boundary element to distinguish the ideal type from the non-ideal type of pleading guilty and accepting punishment instead of an essential element for the establishment of leniency of pleading guilty and accepting punishment;in the meanwhile,it is also an explanatory element to explain the authenticity and voluntariness of leniency of pleading guilty and accepting punishment.Repentance shall not be judged directly from the objective behavior,instead,shall be presumed by the establishment of pleading guilty and accepting punishment.This presumption is rebuttable.The defense and appeal of the defendant in the case of leniency of pleading guilty and accepting punishment is not necessarily related to repenting or not,which shall not be overly restrictive and shall be treated with caution.

关 键 词：悔罪 认罪认罚从宽 界限要素 解释要素 推定 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]