近代汉语“庆幸”义副词“好得”的句法、语义及其来源  

The Syntax,Semantics and Origin of the Adverb"Haode"(好得)in Early Modern Chinese

作　　者：卢惠惠[1] LU Huihui(School of International Cultural Exchange,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学国际文化交流学院,上海200434

出　　处：《常熟理工学院学报》2023年第3期64-74,共11页Journal of Changshu Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“晚明以来吴语白话文献语法研究和数据库建设”(21&ZD301)。

摘　　要：本文对晚清时期南方白话文献中新生的“庆幸”义副词“好得”的句法、语义及语用特征进行了考察,并对它的形成过程和词汇化机制做了探索,认为它是在语义转喻和隐喻的基础上,通过类推机制,从含有语素“好”的庆幸义副词“幸好”“好在”与含有语素“得”的庆幸义副词“幸得”“喜得”“难得”等中截取“好”与“得”融合而成的新词。“好得”与明清时期的其他三个高频同义副词“幸亏”“好在”“喜得”相比有着一定的差异,它语法化程度较高,具有较明显的南方方言特征。This paper,upon surveying the syntactic,semantic and pragmatic features of the new adverb"haode"(好得)in Southern Chinese popular novels during the Ming-Qing dynasties,explores its formative process and the mechanism of lexicalization based on semantic transitivity and metaphor via an analogy.It is found that the term is a combination of the morpheme"hao"(好)as is sourced in such terms as"xìng hao"(幸好)and"haozai"(好在)and the morpheme"de"(得)as is sourced in"xingde"(幸得),"xide"(喜得)and"nande"(难得),with both morphemes suggesting the idea of"thank-goodness".Compared with"xingkui"(幸亏),"haozai"(好在)and"xide"(喜得),the other three synonymic adverbs frequently used over the same period,“haode”(好得)tends more to a rigid grammar and reveals a distinct southern Chinese lingual flavor.

关 键 词：近代汉语 副词 好得 

分 类 号：H109.3[语言文字—汉语]