苦驴河上游小流域水源涵养技术与效果评估  

Water containment technology and effectiveness assessment of the upper Kulyu river small watershed

作　　者：耿明 李玉成[1] 窦月芹[1] 张学胜[1] 李永慧[1] 周敏 沈雨 GENG Ming;LI Yucheng;DOU Yueqin;ZHANG Xuesheng;LI Yonghui;ZHOU Min;SHEN Yu(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2023年第3期113-118,共6页Journal of Biology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“派河小流域山林地水源涵养技术筛选验证与应用推广”(2017ZX07603-002-001)。

摘　　要：基于水资源现状,对苦驴河流域内水土流失产生的氮、磷污染进行监测,利用植物篱拦截、秸秆覆盖、坡面改造结合有机肥替代与沟塘水葫芦拦截技术组合对林坡地水土流失控制和清洁产流,促进水资源在系统内部循环,为该地区水土流失治理提供参考。结果表明:研究区不同土地利用类型下土壤养分含量和流失量差异明显,且氮磷流失形态均以吸附态为主,经济林地总氮(total nitrogen,TN)与总磷(total phosphorus,TP)的流失量分别为0.482 t/(km^(2)·a)和0.117t/(km^(2)·a);组合措施能有效降低林坡地径流57.32%的悬浮物(suspended solids,SS)、45.97%的TN和38.93%的TP含量,可增加土壤有机质50.06%,提升土壤含水率39.94%;经济林地土壤养分含量和流失量最高,增加水田用地方式或可以改善该地区水土流失;组合措施有效削减水土流失造成的泥沙侵蚀,TN、TP和SS含量并改善土壤,提高保水能力。Based on the current situation of water resources,the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from soil erosion in the Kulyu river watershed was monitored,and the combination of plant hedge interception,straw mulching,slope transformation combined with organic fertilizer substitution and ditch and pond water hyacinth interception techniques was used for erosion control and clean flow production in forested slopes to promote the circulation of water resources within the system and provide reference for erosion management in the area.The results showed that the soil nutrient content and loss under different land use types in the study area varied significantly,and the nitrogen and phosphorus loss patterns were all dominated by the adsorption state.The losses of total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)were 0.482 t/(km^(2)·a)and 0.117 t/(km^(2)·a)respectively,and the combined measures could effectively reduce 57.32% of suspended solids(SS),45.97% of TN and 38.97% of TP on forest slopes.TN 45.97% and TP 38.93% can increase soil organic matter by 50.06%and improve soil water content by 39.94%.The highest soil nutrient content and loss in the economic forest land,and the increase of paddy land use may improve soil erosion in the area.The combined measures effectively cut sediment erosion,TN,TP and SS content caused by soil erosion and improve the soil and increase water retention capacity.

关 键 词：土地利用方式 水土流失 植物篱 秸秆覆盖 坡面改造 水葫芦净化 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]