中国近海日本鳗鲡玻璃鳗体组织营养成分及氨基酸、脂肪酸组成的比较  

Comparative study on the nutrient composition,amino acids,and fatty acids composition of glass eel tissues of Japanese eel(Anguilla japonica)from offshore of China

作　　者：李铁柱 李慷[1,2,3] 吴嘉敏[1] 刘利平[1,2,3] LI Tiezhu;LI Kang;WU Jiamin;LIU Liping(Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第6期103-115,共13页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(2020-02-08-00-10-F01471);国家自然科学基金(32072994);科技部中国-东盟海上合作基金项目(DF)。

摘　　要：为了解日本鳗鲡玻璃鳗的早期营养需求,分别对中国近海6个不同地点玻璃鳗体组织一般营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了分析。结果显示,野生玻璃鳗体组织中水分含量为78.62%±2.03%,干重基础下粗蛋白质含量为69.08%±0.64%、粗脂肪含量为11.96%±1.33%、粗灰分含量为11.45%±1.30%。在台州、舟山、南通和东台4个采样点的样品中,水分含量无显著差异,而粗蛋白含量以舟山点最高、粗脂肪含量最低,并且舟山点样品肠道内发现可见内容物。玻璃鳗样品中氨基酸含量以谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸最高,半胱氨酸最低;除舟山点外,各采样点氨基酸含量无明显差异。不同洄游地点玻璃鳗组织中脂肪酸含量均以C16:0、 C18:1n9、 C20:5n3(EPA)、 C22:5n3、 C22:6n3(DHA)为主要成分,其中EPA和DHA共占脂肪酸总量的31.59%±1.00%,不同洄游地点样品必需脂肪酸含量差异明显。研究表明,必需氨基酸、必需脂肪酸对于玻璃鳗的正常生长存活具有重要意义。此外,对比不同地点营养物质组成及稚鱼饵料理论需求量分析,推测舟山点海洋环境中包含更适合玻璃鳗稚鱼摄食的食物,需进一步研究分析,为日本鳗鲡开口饵料的研究提供理论支持。In order to understand the nutritional requirements of Japanese eel(Anguilla japonica)larvae,the nutrients composition,amino acids and fatty acids were determined in the tissues of migratory glass eel from 6 different locations in the offshore of China.The results showed that the moisture content was 78.62%±2.03%,and the crude protein content,the crude fat content and the crude ash content were 69.08%±0.64%,11.96%±1.33%and 11.45%±1.30%,respectively on a dry weight basis.No significant difference in moisture content from different sampling sites was observed.Samples from Zhoushan site had the highest crude protein content and the lowest crude fat content,which was significantly different from other sampling sites.Meanwhile,visible contents were found in the fish intestine from Zhoushan samples.In different migration locations,the amino acids with the highest content included glutamic acid,aspartic acid,lysine and leucine;while cysteine was the lowest.However,the only significant difference of amino acids content was found in samples from Zhoushan site.The C16:0,C18:1n9,C20:5n3(EPA),C22:5n3,C22:6n3(DHA)were the main components in samples from different sampling sites.The EPA and DHA accounted for 31.59%±1.00%of the total fatty acids,and the essential fatty acids contents were significantly different among samples from various sampling sites.Studies have shown that the theoretical requirements of essential amino acids and fatty acids were higher in the feed of larvae fish,which implied that both were important for the growth of glass eel.By comparing the nutrient composition of different sites and the theoretical feed requirements,it suggested that the marine environment at Zhoushan site contained more suitable food for glass eel,and further research is still needed to study the open bait for eel.

关 键 词：日本鳗鲡 玻璃鳗 近海洄游 营养分析 

分 类 号：S965.223[农业科学—水产养殖]