蟹笼渔具逃逸口位置对三疣梭子蟹逃逸行为的影响  

Effect of escape vent location on escaping behavior of Portunus trituberculatus in crab pots

作　　者：张健[1,2,3] 邱昱 裴占文 吴建辉 石建高[5] 陈锦辉[1,4] ZHANG Jian;QIU Yu;PEI Zhanwen;WU Jianhui;SHI Jiangao;CHEN Jinhui(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center,Shanghai 200092,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心,上海200092 [5]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第6期174-183,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31001138,31972844);国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900803)。

摘　　要：为了检验蟹笼渔具逃逸口对三疣梭子蟹逃逸行为的影响,实验使用红外水下摄像装备观察了三疣梭子蟹对3种不同配置逃逸口(位于侧网底部、开口高度3.2 cm和4.0 cm以及位于侧网顶部、开口高度4.0 cm)的反应行为。水下观察结果显示,三疣梭子蟹在笼底的探索行为使其能轻易发现和接近底部逃逸口,而垂直搜索行为能使其发现和接近顶部逃逸口,虽然发现并接近顶部逃逸口所需的时间显著大于底部逃逸口,但平均次数无显著性差异;87%接近逃逸口的个体企图穿越逃逸口,且逃逸口位置对此无显著影响;所有个体均采用侧身姿态穿越逃逸口,甲高是决定个体成功逃逸的关键因素;穿越顶部逃逸口的三疣梭子蟹需要花费更多的时间和精力调整姿态和位置以更好地匹配逃逸口,但广义线性混合模型(GLMM模型)拟合结果显示,逃逸口位置对个体逃逸成功率没有显著影响,表明三疣梭子蟹具有较高的个体姿态操纵能力,而笼内个体数量对逃逸成功率具有显著的影响。结合水下观察,研究认为个体在探索行为的活跃程度和浸泡时间会影响逃逸口的性能;考虑到东海近海蟹笼的结构和渔业现状,研究认为在蟹笼侧网靠近底部安装一个逃逸口是目前可行的技术措施。Crab pots have become one of the main fishing gears for harvesting swimming crabs in the East China Sea since the 1980s.However,the tremendous fishing effort of the crab pot fishery in the East China Sea has brought great pressure on crab resources.Installation of escape vents on crab pots is one of the potential technical measures to improve the fishing efficiency of pots and conserve crab resources.In this study,to examine the effect of the location of escape vents on escaping behavior of Portunus trituberculatus in crab pots,the response behavior of P.trituberculatus to three rectangular escape vent configurations,including B32 vent,escape vent with 3.2 cm opening height and located at the bottom edge of the side panel,B40 vent,escape vent with 4.0 cm opening height and located at the bottom edge of the side panel,and T40 vent,escape vent with 4.0 cm opening height and located at the top edge of the side panel,was observed in a tank by infrared underwater cameras.Generalized linear mixed models(GLMM)with logit distribution were used to analyze the effect of the location of escape vents and quantitative behavioral indicators derived from underwater observations,including the number of crabs,duration of stay in pots,and so on,on the escaping behavior of crab.The results from underwater observation indicated that P.trituberculatus pre-stocked in the pots could detect and approach the bottom vents readily in their search behavior on the floor of pots.The detection and approaching of the top vents only took place in their vertical search behavior.Although the durations from ingress to first approaching and mean durations of all approaching the top vents ware more than those for bottom vents,no significant difference in the mean number of times of approach was detected between the top and bottom vents.For crabs approaching vents,87%of them attempted to pass through the vents and there was no significant difference in the attempt to pass through between bottom and top vents.The model fit of GLMM indicated that no sig

关 键 词：三疣梭子蟹 蟹笼 逃逸口 位置 水下观察 

分 类 号：S972[农业科学—捕捞与储运]