预防性请求权在环境民事诉讼中的实践检视与规范进路  

Practical inspection and normative approaches of preventive claims in environmental civil litigation

作　　者：贡梓铭 Gong Ziming(Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《辽宁公安司法管理干部学院学报》2023年第2期95-103,共9页Journal of Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》对原有调整民事法律关系的法律规范进行了体系性的整合与收编,其中对原本较为传统的、以侵权损害责任类型为主的侵权责任体系进行了调整和细化,为绝对权的前端保护及对应的预防性请求权提供了法律基础。然而,行使绝对权预防性请求权不仅存在因现有法律体系中立法漏洞而导致的法律原则适用不明之虞,更在环境污染诉讼领域存在着法律冲突等不足,从而催生了一系列实务中适法困难、诉讼满足率差异较大等负面效应。因此,应当在预防性请求权行使边界及规制手段层面予以规范解释,结合环境污染案件的特殊性,就其中归责原则定位、容忍义务适用与对应责任承担方式的细化等内容作出进一步厘清,以明确预防性请求权的实践进路。"The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China"has systematically integrated and incorporated the original legal norms for adjusting civil legal relations.It has adjusted and refined the traditional tort liability system that mainly focused on the types of tort liability,and provided a legal basis for the front-end protection of absolute rights and the corresponding preventive claims.However,exercising the absolute right of preventive claim not only has the risk of unclear application of legal principles due to legislative loopholes in the existing legal system,but also has problems such as legal conflicts in the field of environmental pollution litigation,which has led to a series of negative effects such as legal difficulties in practice and large differences in litigation satisfaction rates.Therefore,it is necessary to give a standardized interpretation at the level of exercising boundaries and regulatory means of the preventive claims,and further clarify the positioning of the principle of liability,the application of the duty of tolerance and the refinement of the corresponding responsibility with the particularity of environmental pollution cases,to clarify the practical approaches of preventive claims.

关 键 词：环境污染 预防性请求权 民法典 容忍义务 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]