通过理论认知培育综合性、批判性的建筑学思维  

Cultivating comprehensive and critical thinking in architecture education through promoting theoretical cognition

作　　者：华霞虹[1] 王凯[1] 刘刊[1] HUA XiaHong;WANG Kai;LIU Kan(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2023年第5期729-742,共14页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:52078339,51978467)资助项目。

摘　　要：建筑学具有很强的综合性和实践性特征,所需专业知识和专门技能跨越广泛的学科门类,因此建筑学认知与能力培养的核心是整体性、批判性和综合性.建筑学教学与面向社会的专业实践和面向学科的基础研究并列,是建筑学科非常重要的基本组成部分.建筑设计不仅是一种物质实践,也是一种历史文化产物和一种复杂的知识系统.建筑经验的理论化过程往往由新的建筑理想和思想方法驱动,甚至是对建筑和建筑学本体的重新定义.郑时龄院士领衔的同济大学建筑与城市空间研究所学科团队开设的建筑学课程系列具有历史、理论、设计交融的整体性架构,本硕博一体化培养,兼顾全球化和本土化的综合议题,致力于通过理论认知带动建筑学的整体性、批判性思维,培养综合性的分析和解决问题能力.课程体系强调智识与技术并重,设计、历史与理论、技术的思维在各类课程中相互交织,在高年级和硕博士生的理论类课程中强调通过研讨会提升批判性思维.教学团队同时将设计与大都市建设和治理的最新实践经验和成果引入理论教学,各种社会实践对教学形成反哺.通过全球视野和本土问题意识两手抓,旨在将中国城市建筑的经验有效地转变为中国范本和世界经验.Architecture as a discipline is characterized by comprehensiveness and practicality,asking for academic knowledge and professional skills related to different disciplines.Therefore,the essence of architectural cognition and design technique is integrity,criticality,and synthetics.Together with the professional practices satisfying social needs and the basic research dealing with problematic concerns,architectural education plays a crucial role in shaping the discipline of Architecture.Architectural design is a complex system of knowledge that involves not only physical practices but also historical and cultural productions.The theorization of architectural experience is often driven by new design thinking and methodology,sometimes even redefining architecture as an artifact as well as a discipline.The architectural courses instructed by the academic team at the Institute of Architecture and Urban Space from Tongji University,directed by Prof.ZHENG ShiLing,feature an integrated structure,combining architectural history,theory,and design,connecting undergraduate programs with graduate and doctoral programs,emphasizing both global vision and local concerns.The objective is to foster theoretical cognition in architecture education with the ultimate goal of developing students'synthetic analytical and problem-solving abilities.The pedagogy system emphasizes both intellectual and technological training.Thinkings of architectural history,theory,design,and technology interweave in different courses.For graduate students and doctoral candidates,critical thinking is encouraged through all kinds of theoretical seminars.The academic team also incorporates their findings from research on urban development and governance,as well as their experiences in architecture and urban design,into theoretical courses.All these practices provide feedback for education.To effectively translate Chinese achievements in architecture and urbanism into Chinese models and global experiences,it is imperative to both broaden the global perspective

关 键 词：建筑师的教育 建筑历史与理论 课程体系 整体性 实践性 全球与本土 

分 类 号：TU-4[建筑科学] G642[文化科学—高等教育学]