先秦儒法“正治”主张比较及其当代价值  

"Righteous Governance"of Confucianism and Legalism in the Pre-Qin Period:Comparison and Modern Value

作　　者：张会芸 解晓燕 ZHANG Hui-yun;XIE Xiao-yan(School of Marxism,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)马克思主义学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期121-131,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国传统‘正治’方略及其现代转化研究”(20CKS057);中央高校自主创新科研计划项目“国家治理视域下的传统‘正’论研究”(22CX04002B)。

摘　　要：先秦儒家与法家都有“政者正也”的表述,以“正”界定“政”成为中国传统政治思想中的创造性表达,政治化为“正治”。先秦儒家立足于先王之道论“政者正也”,主张回归家国一体格局下“名正言顺”的礼制,并以家为基点涵养君主体正性仁的理想“正治”人格,进而以仁爱之“治人”推动礼制之“治法”,达成“天下一家”的治世。先秦法家则在哲学层面与道家接榫,立足自然天道论“政者正也”,强调“名正法备”的制度建设,引申出君主去私就公的理想“正治”人格,力图以公正之“治人”与赏罚必信的法治同频共振,达至“天下公平”的治世。两种不同的“正治”主张是先秦儒家和法家面对礼崩乐坏的时代困局所作出的不同回应。以辩证的思维继承儒法通而不同的“正治”主张,对优化国家治理体系和治理能力有重要的借鉴价值。Both the Confucianists and the Legalists in the pre-Qin period held that"politics is righteousness"Since then,defining"politics"by"righteousness"or"righteous governance"has become an innovative Chinese political thought.The Confucianists advocated that the ancient rites should be resumed within the family-state framework,and that the monarch should cultivate an ideal personality in daily family interactions featuring benevolence to exercise"righteous governance".Further,they advocated"Good ruler"with benevolence to promote"Good rule"of Rite,and finally realized"one world,one family".Comparatively,based on the Taoist philosophy of nature,the Legalists stressed institutional construction of"gaining legitimacy through proper naming"so as to cultivate the monarchy's ideal personality of"righteous governance"featuring impartiality.They advocated a well-governed world with equality for all by combining the impartial"Good ruler"with"Good rule"of Law.The two views of"righteous governance"represent different responses of the Confucianists and Legalists to the pre-Qin disordered society.Inheriting the two political views dialectically has significant reference value for the optimization of the national governance system and capacity.

关 键 词：政者正也 礼 仁心 法 公心 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]