铁锌肥对陇中旱农区马铃薯光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of iron and zinc fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of potato in semi-arid areas of central Gansu Province

作　　者：惠领领 谢军红[1] 李玲玲[1] 周永杰 王进斌 谢丽华 赵潇潇 HUI Lingling;XIE Junhong;LI Lingling;ZHOU Yongjie;WANG Jinbin;XIE Lihua;ZHAO Xiaoxiao(State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Agronomy College of Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2023年第2期68-76,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃农业大学青年导师基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2020-03);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金;甘肃省科技重大专项(20ZDNAOO7);甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA033)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过大田试验,研究铁、锌肥施用量对马铃薯光合特性、干物质积累分配及产量的影响,以期为黄土高原马铃薯产量的提升提供理论参考和技术支撑。【方法】选用当地主栽品种新大坪为供试材料,处理包括3个施铁量Fe_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2))、Fe_(1)(10 kg/hm^(2))、Fe_(2)(20 kg/hm^(2))和3个施锌量Zn_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2))、Zn_(1)(20 kg/hm^(2))和Zn_(2)(40 kg/hm^(2))。【结果】马铃薯叶面积指数在Fe_(0)Zn_(2)处理下达到最大值,较不施肥提高26.7%;Fe_(2)Zn_(2)马铃薯叶片SPAD值较不施肥提高21.0%;基施铁、锌肥可改善马铃薯光合特性,Fe_(0)Zn_(2)、Fe_(2)Zn_(0)和Fe_(2)Zn_(2)净光合速率较不施肥分别提高54.8%、54.8%、53.0%,产量较不施肥分别提高19.5%、15.0%、21.5%;Fe_(2)Zn_(2)处理马铃薯块茎铁、锌含量达到最大,较不施肥分别增加17.2%、13.8%。【结论】陇中旱农区马铃薯铁、锌肥单施适宜施量分别为20 kg/hm^(2)和40 kg/hm^(2),配施适宜施量分别为铁肥20 kg/hm^(2)、锌肥40 kg/hm^(2)。【Objective】A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of iron and zinc fertilizer application on photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation distribution and yield of potato,with the aim of providing theoretical reference and technical support for potato yield improvement on the Loess Plateau.【Method】The main local cultivar Xindaiping was selected as the test material and the treatments included three iron application levels Fe_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2)),Fe_(1)(10 kg/hm^(2)),Fe_(2)(20 kg/hm^(2))and three zinc application levels Zn_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2)),Zn_(1)(20 kg/hm^(2))and Zn_(2)(40 kg/hm^(2)).【Result】Leaf area index reached its maximum under Fe_(0)Zn_(2)treatment,which increased by 26.7%compared to no fertilizer.The SPAD value of potato leaves increased by 21.0%under Fe_(2)Zn_(2)treatment compared to no fertilizer.Basal application of iron and zinc fertilizer improved the photosynthetic characteristics of potato,and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 54.8%,54.8%and 53.0%under Fe_(0)Zn_(2),Fe_(2)Zn_(0)and Fe_(2)Zn_(2)treatments,respectively,and the yield increased by 19.5%,15.0%and 21.5%compared to no fertilizer.The maximum iron and zinc content in potato tubers was achieved in the Fe_(2)Zn_(2)treatment,with increases of 17.2%and 13.8%,respectively,compared to no fertilizer.【Conclusion】The appropriate iron and zinc fertilizer application rates for potatoes in the dry farming areas of Longzhong are 20 kg/hm^(2)and 40 kg/hm^(2)alone,and the appropriate fertilizer dosage is 20 kg/hm^(2)for iron and 40 kg/hm^(2)for zinc in combination.

关 键 词：陇中旱农区 马铃薯 铁肥 锌肥 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]