发生学视角下南湖风景区植物群落退化及优化  

A study on degradation and optimization of plant community in Nanhu Scenic Area from a genesis perspective

作　　者：张雪 王旭辉 刘建军 田芸溪 呼海涛 田倩倩 ZHANG Xue;WANG Xuihui;LIU Jianjun;TIAN Yunxi;HU Haitao;TIAN Qianqian(College of Landscape Architecture and Arts,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Shaanxi Forestry Survey&Planning Institute,Xi'an 710082,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学风景园林艺术学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省林业调查规划院,陕西西安710082

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2023年第2期189-199,共11页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2452019203)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索南湖风景区植物群落退化情况,对于风景区退化林和景观恢复,维护地区生态环境十分重要。【方法】本研究基于构建DTP三维评估体系,表征南湖植物群落退化情况。并通过发生学理论构建“植物群落演替发生模型”,以此提出退化林和景观恢复建议。【结果】构建发生学“原型-模型-构成”的分析框架;发现马尾松面积占南湖89%以上,占绝对优势,且处于成熟林及近熟林,郁闭度高达0.55~0.8。借助遥感,利用“DTP退化评价方法”发现,景区在近20 a内,风景区植被覆盖退化程度加剧,3个时期植被覆盖度退化区域面积明显大于改善区域面积,整体处于变化之中,稳定区域较少;2000~2010年、2010~2020年南湖风景区林地减少的幅度不断扩大,2010~2020年较2000~2010年林地转非林地转移面积逐年升高;景观格局指数逐年下降,斑块破碎化严重,景观连通性变差,林地斑块受到人为干预,形状趋于简单化。【结论】近20 a内,从南湖风景区植物群落的退化程度、退化趋势、退化格局都表明了其退化状态,建议基于宫胁法对退化的马尾松林采取近自然林更新演替方案,在时空维度缩短森林自然演替进度,快速形成风景区生态本底。【Objective】Exploring the degradation of plant communities in Nanhu Scenic Area is crucial for restoring degraded forests and landscapes,and maintaining regional ecological environments.【Method】This study characterized the degradation of plant communities in Nanhu Lake using the DTP threedimensional assessment system.A"model of plant community succession"was constructed based on genetic theory to propose suggestions for restoring degraded forests and landscapes.【Result】An analysis framework of"prototype-model-constitution"of genetics was established.It was found that Masson's pine area accounted for more than 89%of Nanhu Lake,indicating absolute dominance.In mature and nearly mature forests,canopy density reached 0.55~0.8.With the help of remote sensing and the“DTP degradation assessment method,”the degree of vegetation cover degradation in the scenic area has intensified in the past 20 years.The area of vegetation cover degradation in three periods was significantly larger than the improvement area,and the entire area is undergoing change,with few stable areas.From 2000 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2020,the reduction of forest land in Nanhu Scenic Area increased,and the conversion area from forest land to non-forest land also increased annually from 2010 to 2020 compared with that from 2000 to 2010.The landscape pattern index decreased annually,patch fragmentation was severe,landscape connectivity became poor,andthe shape of woodland patches tended to be simplified due to human intervention.【Conclusion】The degradation degree,trend,and pattern of plant communities in Nanhu Scenic Area over the past 20 years indicate a degraded state.To restore the degraded forest and landscape of Nanhu Scenic Area,it is recommended to adopt a regeneration and succession scheme for Masson pine forest based on the palace stress method.This will help to expedite the natural succession progress of the forest in both spatial and temporal dimensions,and establish the ecological background of the scenic area more quickly.

关 键 词：发生学 风景名胜区 马尾松群落 景观格局 宫胁法 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q948[生物学—植物学]