玉米起垄施肥覆膜及膜际播种联合作业机的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of the machine for corn ridging,fertilizing,film mulching and sowing

作　　者：王亨泰 田斌 孙伟 王军增 WANG Hengtai;TIAN Bin;SUN Wei;WANG Junzeng(College of Electromechanical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2023年第2期235-242,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业专项(201503124)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对旱作玉米膜上打孔种植出苗期间膜孔覆土板结及膜孔错位造成的缺苗问题,结合玉米垄面覆膜、膜际浅沟种植新技术,设计了玉米起垄施肥覆膜及膜际播种联合作业机。【方法】通过对样机关键部件的设计与分析,确定了双圆盘起垄装置、轮辐式碎土整形装置、窝眼轮式穴播装置的结构及工作参数,解析了核心部件的作业机理。【结果】设计的玉米播种机可以实现开沟起垄、垄底施肥、垄面镇压、垄上铺膜及膜侧浅沟穴播一体化作业,穴距合格率为89.5%、播深合格率为76.3%、穴粒数合格率为95.4%、膜边覆土宽度合格率为91.5%、膜边覆土厚度合格率为92.4%、种子破损率为0.6%、排肥量一致性变异系数为8.9%、总排肥量稳定性变异系数为5.6%,垄高、垄宽及坚实度不合格率分别为6%、9%及19%。【结论】该机具作业性能良好,各项性能指标均优于相关农艺要求和技术标准。【Objective】Aiming at the problem of corn seeding loss resulted from soil compaction on film holes and film hole mismatching during the period of punching and sowing of in the film-covered cultivation of maize,combined with the innovative technologies of ridge film mulching and between-film sowing,a joint-operation machine for ridging,plastic mulching,and fertilizing in maize cultivation were designed and tested.【Method】Through the design and analysis of the key components of the prototype,the structure and working parameters of the double disc ditching and ridging device,the crushing and shaping device,and the socket wheel acupoint forming device were determined,and the mechanism of core components’operation was analyzed.【Result】Field experiments show that the designed corn planter can realize the integration of furrow and ridge opening,ridge bottom fertilization,ridge surface suppression,furrow laying and shallow furrow and cave sowing on the side of the furrow.The qualified rate of hole distance was 89.5%,the qualified rate of sowing depth was 76.3%,the qualified rate of hole number was 95.4%,the qualified rate of film edge soil width was 91.5%,the qualified rate of film edge soil thickness was 92.4%,the seed damage rate was 0.6%,the coefficient of variation of consistency of fertilizer discharge was 8.9%,and the coefficient of variation of stability of total fertilizer discharge was 5.6%.The unqualified rate of ridge height,ridge width and firmness was 6%,9%and 19%respectively.【Conclusion】The field test showed that the machine performed well,and all indexes were better than relevant agronomic requirements and technical standards.

关 键 词：地膜 玉米种植 垄作 穴播器 

分 类 号：S222.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]