生物质种类和添加量对肥液灌溉土壤入渗特征和养分运移的影响  

Effects of biomass types and additions on soil infiltration characteristics and nutrient transport in fertilizer irrigation

作　　者：周英杰 刘艳伟[1] 黄一峰 刘小刚[1] ZHOU Yingjie;LIU Yanwei;HUANG Yifeng;LIU Xiaogang(College of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Guangxi Liugong Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Liuzhou 545007,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]广西柳工机械股份有限公司,广西柳州545007

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2023年第4期585-592,共8页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：云南省基础研究计划(202101AT070125);昆明理工大学分析测试基金重点项目(2021T20110170);云南省高校特色作物高效用水与绿色生产重点实验室项目(KKPS201923009)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究添加不同生物质和添加量对肥液灌溉土壤入渗特征与养分运移的影响,为提升肥液灌溉效率提供理论依据。【方法】以生物炭(BC)、咖啡渣(CF)和甘蔗渣(SC)作为生物质添加材料,设置4个添加量(质量分数)水平T_(1)(0.5%)、T_(2)(1.0%)、T_(3)(1.5%)、T_(4)(2.0%)。测量肥液在不同生物质添加土壤中的运移特征及养分分布,评估不同生物质添加对土壤结构的影响。【结果】3种生物质对湿润锋运移与土壤累积入渗量抑制效果均表现为SC>CF>BC,各处理组内抑制效果随生物质添加量增加有所提升;和CK组相比,SCT_(4)、CFT_(4)和BCT_(4)组湿润锋运移距离分别降低了38.33%、37.00%和34.00%;SCT_(4)、CFT_(4)和BCT_(4)组土壤累积入渗量分别降低了31.01%、30.00%和26.60%。和CK组相比,肥液灌溉下3种生物质添加均能提升土壤中3种主要无机养分,且随生物质添加量增加土壤肥力提升;3种生物质对土壤硝态氮截留总体表现为BC>CF>SC,其中,BCT_(4)、CFT_(4)和SCT_(4)组的土壤硝态氮含量分别提升了74.32%、56.00%和51.00%;3种生物质对土壤速效磷截留总体表现为CF>SC>BC,其中,CFT_(4)、SCT_(4)和BCT_(4)组的土壤速效磷含量分别提升了140.70%、139.20%和30.25%;3种生物质对土壤速效钾截留总体表现为CF>BC>SC,其中,CFT_(4)、BCT_(4)和SCT_(4)组的土壤速效钾含量分别提升了143.87%、126.85%和104.03%。【结论】3种生物质对肥液入渗均有抑制效果,其中,生物炭效果最佳;3种生物质对肥力均有截留效果,生物炭对硝态氮截留效果最佳,咖啡渣对速效磷与速效钾截留效果最佳。【Objective】In order to explore the effects of different biomass additions and amounts on soil infiltration characteristics and nutrient transport in fertilizer irrigation,so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving fertilizer irrigation efficiency.【Method】Biochar(BC),coffee grounds(CF)and bagasse(SC)were used as biomass additives,and four levels of addition were set including T_(1)(0.5%),T_(2)(1.0%),T_(3)(1.5%),and T_(4)(2.0%).The transport characteristics of fertilizer solution in different biomass-added soils and their nutrient distributions were measured.The effects of different biomass additions on soil structure were evaluated.【Result】The inhibitory effects of three kinds of biomass on wetting front migration and soil cumulative infiltration were SC>CF>BC,and the inhibitory effects in each treatment group increased with increasing biomass addition.Compared with the CK group,the wetting front migration distances of SCT_(4),CFT_(4) and BCT_(4) decreased by 38.33%,37.00%and 34.00%respectively.The cumulative soil infiltration amounts of SCT_(4),CFT_(4) and BCT_(4) decreased by 31.01%,30.00%and 26.60%respectively.Compared with the CK group,the three kinds of biomass additions under the fertilizer irrigation improved the contents of three main inorganic nutrients in soil,and the soil fertility was improved with increasing biomass addition.The overall performance of soil nitrate nitrogen retention by the three kinds of biomass was BC>CF>SC.Among them,the soil nitrate nitrogen contents of BCT_(4),CFT_(4) and SCT_(4) increased by 74.32%,56.00%and 51.00%respectively.The overall performance of soil available phosphorus retention by the three kinds of biomass was CF>SC>BC.Among them,the soil available phosphorus contents of CFT_(4),SCT_(4) and BCT_(4) increased by 140.70%,139.20%and 30.25%respectively.The overall performance of soil available potassium retention by the three kinds of biomass was CF>BC>SC.Among them,CFT_(4),BCT_(4) and SCT_(4) increased the soil available potassium contents by 143.87%,

关 键 词：生物质 肥液灌溉 水肥 土壤入渗特性 养分运移 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]