不同种类人工牧草体外瘤胃降解和发酵特性的研究  

Study on Rumen Degradation and Fermentation Characteristics of Different Forage Species In Vitro

作　　者：杜瑞平 张乐欢 宋利文 贺志雄[2] 高民 DU Ruiping;ZHANG Lehuan;SONG Liwen;HE Zhixiong;GAO Min(Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed,Inner Mongolia,Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Inner Mongolia Huhhot 010031,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,The Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hunan Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院动物营养与饲料研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第12期55-61,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“创建生态草牧业科技体系”[XDA26050102-1]。

摘　　要：试验利用化学分析法和体外模拟瘤胃发酵法对5种人工牧草进行了营养成分分析和瘤胃降解及发酵特性的研究。试验采集饲用谷子、甜高粱、全株玉米、高丹草、小黑麦样品,利用化学分析法测定其叶片营养物质含量;然后利用体外模拟瘤胃发酵法测定6、24、48、72 h的干物质降解率和48 h累积产气量以及24 h挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度。营养成分含量上,5种牧草的干物质、粗蛋白、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、淀粉、总能含量差异均显著(P<0.05),全株玉米叶片的干物质、粗蛋白含量和总能均高于其他牧草;体外发酵参数差异亦显著,甜高粱和高丹草的理论最大产气量显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05),高丹草累积产气量最高。饲用谷子在6、24、48 h三个时间点的干物质降解率显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05)。全株玉米体外瘤胃发酵的乙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05),饲用谷子乙酸/丙酸显著高于其他种类牧草(P<0.05),小黑麦乙酸与丙酸比值最低。小黑麦的NH3-N浓度显著高于其他牧草(P<0.05),高丹草NH3-N浓度最低。综上,营养成分指标上看小黑麦、全株玉米、高丹草叶片营养价值较高,从体外发酵参数来看,全株玉米和高丹草叶片潜在饲用价值更高。This experiment was conducted to investigate the nutrient content,rumen degradation and fer⁃mentation characteristics of 5 forage species by chemical analysis and in vitro simulated rumen fermenta⁃tion.The leaves of forage millet,sweet sorghum,whole plant corn,Gaodan grass andtriticalewere collect⁃ed,and their nutritional value were determined by chemical analysis method;and the rumen fermentation experiments were carried out by using in vitro simulated technique.The dry matter degradation rate in 6,24,48 h and 72,48 h total gas production,24 h VFA concentration and NH3-N concentration were mea⁃sured.There were significant differences in crude protein,crude ash,NDF,ADF,starch and gross energy content among these species(P<0.05).DM,CP,and total energy of whole plant corn were higher than those of other species.In vitro fermentation parameters were also significantly different.The theoretical maximum gas production of sweet sorghum and Gaodan grass were significantly higher than that of other forages(P<0.05),and 48 h total gas pro⁃duction of Gaodan grass was high.Dry matter deg⁃radation rate of forage millet at 6,24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than that of other herbage(P<0.05),The ruminal concentration of acetate and total volatile fatty acid of the whole corn plant in vitro were significantly higher than those of other forages(P>0.05).The ratio of acetate to propio⁃nate of forage millet was significantly higher than that of other forages(P<0.05),and the ratio of acetate to propionate of triticale was the lowest.The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in triticale was signifi⁃cantly higher than that in other forages(P<0.05),and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in Gaodan grass was lowest.As far as the current results are concerned,the forage of triticale,whole plant corn and Gaodan grass have a high nutritional value in terms of nutrient contents,whole plant corn and Gaodan grass have higher potential feeding quality according to in vitro fermentation parameters.

关 键 词：牧草 体外发酵 干物质降解 产气量 挥发性脂肪酸 氨态氮 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]