地铁车辆起动区段钢轨波磨成因分析  

Cause Analysis of Rail Corrugation in Vehicle Starting Section of Metro

作　　者：王志强 雷震宇 WANG Zhiqiang;LEI Zhenyu(Institute of Rail Transit,Tongji University Shanghai,201804,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety Shanghai,201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804 [2]上海市轨道交通结构耐久与系统安全重点实验室,上海201804

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2023年第3期442-449,616,共9页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11772230)。

摘　　要：为研究地铁出站口附近直线起动区段钢轨波磨形成原因,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了三维实体轮对-轨道瞬态滚动接触模型,并结合现场实测,从时域和频域上对波磨现象进行了分析。研究结果表明:车辆起动过程中,车轮与钢轨表面接触带会产生准周期特性的滑移区域,且滑移区域中心之间的距离与实测波磨的波长范围接近,从而验证了模型的合理性和有效性;轮轨系统的不稳定摩擦自激振动是导致实测区段钢轨波磨产生的根本原因,正是由于轮轨蠕滑力“饱和-非饱和”的周期特性,最终促使了波磨的形成;钢轨和车轮的垂向振动加速度等级在160~230 Hz频率范围内均出现了峰值区域,且频率范围与实测波磨的特征频率范围174~198 Hz接近,这进一步说明钢轨波磨是轮轨系统摩擦自激振动引起的车轮-钢轨共振所产生;在忽略初始不平顺的前提下,钢轨表面的波磨会随着车轮运行次数的增加呈现线性增长趋势,因此适当地采取钢轨打磨以及轨面润滑等措施尤为重要。In order to study the cause of rail corrugation in the straight starting section near the metro exit,the transient rolling contact model of three-dimensional solid wheelset-track is established by using the finite element software ABAQUS,and the corrugation phenomenon is analyzed in time-domain and frequency-domain based on the field measurement.The results show that,during the starting of the vehicle,the quasi-periodic sliding zone can be produced in the contact surface between wheel and rail,and the distance between the centers of slid-ing zones is close to the wavelength range of the measured corrugation,which verifies the rationality and effec-tiveness of the model.The unstable friction self-excited vibration of wheelset-track system is the fundamental cause of rail corrugation in the measured section,and it is precisely because of the"saturated-unsaturated"period-ic characteristic of wheel-rail creep force that ultimately promotes the formation of rail corrugation.The vertical vibration acceleration levels of rail and wheel have a peak area in the frequency range of 160~230 Hz,and the frequency range is close to the characteristic frequency range of 174~198 Hz of the measured corrugation,which further indicates that the rail corrugation is caused by the wheel-rail resonance from the friction self-excit-ed vibration of wheelset-track system.On the premise of ignoring the initial irregularity,the corrugation on rail surface shows a linear growth trend with the increase of wheel operation times.Therefore,it is very important to take appropriate measures such as rail grinding and rail surface lubrication.

关 键 词：地铁 起动区段 钢轨波磨 瞬态滚动接触模型 滑移 摩擦自激振动 

分 类 号：U213.42[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TH117.1