疫病命名的知识政治学:重思全球卫生治理难局  

The Knowledge Politics of Disease Naming:Rethinking the Difficulties of Global Health Governance

作　　者：张勇安[1,2] Zhang Yongan

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院 [2]上海大学历史学系,上海200444

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2023年第4期152-162,180,共12页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：世界公共卫生史上四次影响甚巨的“大流感”的命名,都是特定行动者出于特定的科学实践、政治立场、利益诉求和行为逻辑进行的知识再生产。然而它们的科学名称常常不敌流传甚广却不够科学严肃的“通俗名称”,后者往往有意或无意地同特定的地域、群体、生物,或是特定的文化、习性、行业、职业关联起来,进而还常常选择性使用容易引起过度恐惧的术语。特定的行动者以此为名,调用知识和动员舆论来推进疫病防治,而被关联的对象必然因此遭到“污名化”,进而产生一系列溢出效应,这对国家间政治、经济、社会、文化交流和全球疫病的防治产生了广泛而负面的影响。针对疫病命名的知识政治学分析,在一定程度上揭示了当前全球卫生治理难局的成因关键和解决出路。The naming of the four major flu pandemics in the history of global public health has been heavily influenced by specific actors who reproduce knowledge based on their scientific practices,political positions,interests,and behavioral logic.However,the scientific names of these pandemics are often superseded by widely circulated but less scientifically rigorous“common names”.The latter intentionally or unintentionally associate the pandemic with specific regions,groups,organisms,cultures,habits,industries,or professions,and often use terms that cause excessive fear.Certain actors use these names to mobilize knowledge and public opinion to promote disease prevention and control,while the associated objects are inevitably stigmatized,leading to a series of spillover effects that have a variety of negative impacts on global politics,economics,society,culture,and disease prevention and control.An analysis of the knowledge politics of disease naming sheds light on the key causes and solutions to the current challenges of global health governance.

关 键 词：疫病命名 知识政治学 全球卫生治理 

分 类 号：R-01[医药卫生]