“融会贯通,济人利物”——元儒程钜夫思想发微  

Comprehensive Integration and World Beneficial:A Discussion on the Thought of Confucian Cheng Jufu in the Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：许家星[1] Xu Jiaxing(School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期32-46,共15页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(项目批准号:21VGQ018)资助。

摘　　要：程钜夫是元代影响广泛但并未引起哲学界关注的学者,其思想以“融会贯通,济人利物”为特色。就融会贯通而言,程钜夫本于儒学立场,提出“道一迹三”说以包容释道,尤表达了对道家的欣赏;鉴于元代儒学的发展,从经世立场肯定象山学的若干思想,提出朱陆“三同一异”说,发出朱陆合流之声;基于发展中传承的道统观,既表彰许衡接续朱子之道,又视“发朱子所未发”之勉斋、双峰同样为对朱子之推进。就济人利物而言,倡事实之功以反清谈之学,肯认治生之俗为教化之基,倡导政教合一,推动恢复科举,主张书院应不隶于有司。程钜夫的思想既体现了元代理学的普遍特征而又独具特色,在诸多方面越出了朱子之轨范,为吾人继承发展朱子学、理解中国哲学提供了重要启示。Cheng Jufu is an influential scholar in the Yuan Dynasty.His thought,characterized with"comprehensive integration"and"world beneficial,"hasn't gained enough attention from the current philosophical circle.On the aspect of"comprehensive integration,"Cheng Jufu,based on the standpoint of Confucianism,put forward the theory of"Dao yi ji san"to accommodate Buddhism and Taoism,and he considered highly of Taoism.In view of the development of Confucianism in the Yuan Dynasty,he affirmed some ideas of Lu Xiangshan from the point of practice,and declared that the theories of Zhu Xi and Lu Xiangshan have"three similarities and one difference,"sending a message of the confluence of Zhu and Lu.With the view of Confucian orthodoxy inherited in the development,Cheng not only took Xu Heng as the successor of Zhu Xi,but also regarded Huang Gan and Rao Ru as promotion of Zhu.On the aspect of"world beneficial,"he advocated the utilitarian against impractical discussion,recognized the"custom of make a living"as the basis of moral culture,advocated the unity of politics and education,promoted the restoration of the imperial examination,and argued that the Academy should not be affiliated with government department.Cheng Jufu's thought embodies the universal characteristics of Yuan Dynasty's Neo-Confucianism.It went beyond Zhuzi's criterion in many aspects and provided important enlightenment for us to inherit and develop Zhuzi's theory and understand Chinese philosophy.

关 键 词：程钜夫 元代理学 融合贯通 济人利物 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]