马克思早期工资理论的构建与拓展--基于1844—1848年经典文本的考证  

The Construction and Expansion of Marx's Early Wage Theory——Based on Classical Literatures from 1844 to 1848

作　　者：卢江[1] 郭采宜 Lu Jiang;Guo Caiyi

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《政治经济学研究》2023年第1期29-40,共12页Chinese Journal of Political Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“《资本论》视阈下当代资本主义系统性危机研究”(18CKS002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：工资理论在政治经济学体系中占据重要地位,既是马克思转向经济问题研究的现实基点,也是马克思构建劳动价值论从而揭示资本主义生产关系实质的核心内容。与《工资、价格和利润》以及《资本论》中的成熟工资理论相比,马克思早期工资理论具有二重性特征,一方面它带有较为明显的古典经济学色彩,另一方面它又指出了资本与雇佣劳动之间阶级对抗的矛盾,从而为展开对资本主义的政治经济学批判奠定了扎实的基础。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》《雇佣劳动与资本》《哲学的贫困》和《工资》遗稿等文本中,马克思着重分析了工资的决定机制、工资的竞争机制、最低工资、工资与经济危机等问题。重新理解马克思早期工资理论,不仅能够客观再现马克思对古典经济学的批判、继承和发展,而且有利于准确把握马克思政治经济学体系的生成逻辑。Marx's wage theory,which occupies a vital position in the system of political economy,is not only the realistic base for Marx to turn to the study of economic issues,but also the core content of Marx's construction of the labor theory of value to reveal the essence of capitalist relations of production.Compared with the mature wage theory in Wages,Prices and Profits and Capital,Marx's early wage theory has a duality.On one hand,it has a more obvious characteristic of classical economics.On the other hand,it points out the class contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat,so as to lay a solid foundation for the political economy criticism of capitalism.In The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,Wage Labor and Capital,The Poverty of Philosophy,and the last manuscript of Wages,Marx focused on the analysis of issues including wage determination mechanism,wage competition mechanism,minimum wage,wage and economic crisis.A new understanding of Marx's early wage theory can not only objectively reproduce Marx's critical inheritance and development of classical economics,but also help accurately grasp the generative logic of Marx's political economy system.

关 键 词：最低工资 生产力 雇佣劳动 劳动力 

分 类 号：F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]