跨越高中阶段教育普及水平高位波动陷阱:美国的经验与启示  

Break Through the "High Fluctuation Trap" of High School Education Universalization: American Experiences and Implications

作　　者：李伟[1] 邬志辉[1,2] LI Wei;WU Zhihui(China Institute of Rural Education Development,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院,长春130024 [2]东北师范大学,长春130024

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2023年第3期3-15,共13页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国农村教育发展基本类型与模型建构研究”(项目编号:18JJD880001)。

摘　　要：巩固提升高中阶段教育普及水平事关美国经济社会发展的总体需求,顺应高等教育高位普及阶段教育体系完善的内在要求,呼应教育公平理念转变、维护社会公正的现实诉求。然而,20世纪70年代至21世纪初,美国高中辍学率持续偏高,毕业率增长迟滞,高中阶段教育普及水平陷入持续近50年的高位波动陷阱。究其原因,经济发展的周期性带动高中辍学率随就业率波动,教育体系的层次性导致高中毕业率随高等教育入学率波动,教育改革理念的反复性致使高中毕业难度波动。近十年来,随着经济社会的结构性矛盾得以缓解,加之政府和社会组织在建立跟踪预警系统、推动高中学校改革、统筹推进联邦及各州立法与毕业项目实施,以及加强数据收集和科学研究等方面的努力,美国高中阶段教育普及水平高位波动问题得到了有效纾解。这启示我国应高度关注高中阶段教育普及水平高位增长迟缓问题,及早建立辍学问题监测系统,精准帮扶辍学高发群体;推进高中阶段教育均衡发展,填补传统“普及洼地”;开展大规模跟踪调查,以循证研究助力高中阶段教育改革施策。Consolidating and improving the universal access to senior high school is related to the overall needs of the economic and social development of the United States.It conforms to the inherent requirements of improving the education system at the high level of universalization of higher education,and echoes the realistic demands of changing the concept of education fairness and maintaining social justice.However,from the 1970s to the beginning of the 21st century,the high school dropout rate was chronically high,the growth of graduation rate was stagnant in the United States.The level of high school education universalization fell into the high fluctuation trap for nearly half a century.The reason lies in that the periodicity of economic development drives the high school dropout rate to fluctuate with the employment rate,the hierarchy of the education system pave the road where the high school graduation rate changes with the enrollment rate of higher education,and the repeat changes of the educational reform philosophy fluctuate the difficulties to graduate from high school.In the past decade,the high level fluctuations in the popularity of high school education in the United States has been effectively alleviated,as the structural contradiction of the economy and society has been alleviated,the government and social organizations have made efforts in establishing a tracking and early warning system,promoting the high schools reforms,implementing federal and state legislation and graduation projects as a whole,and strengthening data collection and scientific research.It enlightens that our country should pay close attention to the slow growth of the high level of education universalization in senior high school,establish a monitoring system for dropout as soon as possible,and precisely help the groups with high dropout rates.We should also promote the balanced development of senior high school education and fill the traditional"universalization depression".Large scale follow-up surveys can also be conducted to he

关 键 词：普及高中阶段教育 高中辍学 高中毕业率 美国高中 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]