“吃”主宾语搭配双向迫力阐释  

A Bi-directional Compulsive Force Account of“NPSubject+Chi(吃)‘Eat'+NPObject”Combinations

作　　者：褚瑞莉[1] 张京鱼 Chu Rui-li;Zhang Jing-yu(Foreign Language School,Weinan Normal University,Weinan 714099,China;Zhongnan Department,Xi'an Mingde College of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710124,China)

机构地区：[1]渭南师范学院外国语学院,渭南714099 [2]西安明德理工学院终南书院,西安710124

出　　处：《外语学刊》2023年第3期17-22,共6页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目“汉语动词语义扩展机制研究”(2021K025);渭南师范学院人才项目“类型学视域下‘吃’类动词多语对比研究”(2022RC05)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“吃”是一个组合能力极强的动词,其主宾语搭配情况看似异常复杂,其实有章可循。以往研究只注重单一视角的分析,因此存在解释力不足的问题。基于迫力图式理论,我们构建了动词主宾语搭配迫力双向语义模型,并将“吃”主宾语名词搭配分为两类:施事→目标正向迫力主动搭配;逆向目标←施事迫力被动搭配。研究发现:其一,正向迫力主动搭配是其主模式,逆向迫力被动搭配是其副模式,且副模式是主模式的衍生体;其二,在正向主动搭配中,施事均是受惠者;而在逆向被动搭配中,主语是受事、蒙事、受损者;其三,所有逆向迫力搭配均属于被动式,此被动式中的“吃”是被动义的标记。动词主宾语搭配迫力双向语义模型不仅可以给予“吃”的所有动宾搭配一个统一的阐释,亦可为其它诸如“偷秤”“晒太阳”等动词主宾语名词搭配开辟新路径。Chi(吃)"eat"is one of the most frequently-used verbs in Chinese.Its collocations with object NP(NPo)appear to be unselective and complicated,but are actually rule-governed.Chi's combinations with subject NPs and object NP。fall into right-oriented and left-oriented categories according to the compulsive force it carries in a specific event on the basis that a compulsion is always Goal-oriented.In the right-oriented collocations such as chi mian(吃面)“eat noodles”and chi fumu(吃父母)"eat/live on parents",the subject NP,is Agent which acts on the object NPo,the Goal or Patient,while in the left-oriented collocations such as chi zidan(吃子弹)“eat bullets”and chi erguang(吃耳光)"eat a slap",the subject NP,is the Goal,Patient which is acted upon by an implicit Agent.The right-oriented or Agent→Patient type is the proto compulsive force schema while the left-oriented or Patient+Agent type is a derivative of the prototypical Agent→Patient schema.The NPs are beneficiaries in Agent→Patient compulsive force collocations but are Affectees in Patient Agent compulsion collocations.Chi in the left-oriented Patient Agent collocations is a lexical marker of passivity.The bidirectional compulsive force analysis of chi's collocations with both subject and object NPs can give a unified account of all the"verb+NP"collocations of chi in The Modern Chinese Dictionary.

关 键 词：“吃” 迫力图式 施事 受事 受惠者 蒙事 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]