社会网络、技能提升与就业地选择  

Social Networks, Skills Upgrading and Choice of Employment Place

作　　者：孙晓华[1] 郭旭 范世龙 SUN Xiaohua;GUO Xu;FAN Shilong(School of Economics and Management,Dalian University of Technology;School of Maritime Economics and Management of Dalian Maritime University)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学经济管理学院,116024 [2]大连海事大学航运经济与管理学院,116026

出　　处：《经济研究》2023年第5期116-134,共19页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(22AZD129);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72074043);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72003018);教育部人文社科青(20YJC790037)的资助。

摘　　要：在中国城市化和工业化快速推进的过程中,拥有不同生产能力的异质性劳动者在城市间的分布并不均衡。探究劳动力技能提升和就业地选择的内在驱动力,是“以人为核心的高质量发展新时期”促进劳动要素空间优化再配置的关键。本文以双重社会网络分类及属性解析为基础,构建社会网络影响就业与生产决策的两阶段模型,从理论上探究正式网络的技能提升效应与非正式网络的就业地选择效应。经验研究中,以中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的微观数据为样本,通过社会网络指数的维度刻画与识别,进行实证检验。结果发现:(1)正式网络有利于提高劳动者技能水平,非正式网络能够影响个体就业地点的选择,降低异地就业的倾向,利用工具变量方法克服内生性问题以及稳健性检验都保证了研究结论的一致性;(2)正式网络激发了劳动者业余时间的学习交流和信息获取,非正式网络则提供了就业扶持和生活幸福感,二者分别作用于技能提升和就业地选择;(3)与小规模城市相比,大城市的规模经济优势更有利于正式网络下的知识溢出,使得劳动者技能水平整体改善,而大城市的排他性也造成了低技能劳动力退出的就业地选择效应。During the rapid urbanization and industrialization process in China,the spatial transfer and agglomeration of the labor force lead to the optimization of urban production factors,driving improvements in production efficiency and sustainable economic growth.Cross-regional labor migration and skill enhancement are driven not only by market choices and preferential policies in urban construction but also by certain social attributes.The employment choice behavior and skill upgrading of individuals are often related to the behavioral characteristics of the embedded groups.In particular,acquaintances formed by relatives and friends and group relationships formed by work associations lead to different preferences in employment location choices for individuals and affect the production skills of laborers.Analyzing the attribute features of different types of social networks and exploring their impacts on labor skill enhancement and employment location choices are of great significance for improving income levels and expanding employment capacity.Social networks themselves are complex and diverse,with various classification criteria based on network analysis objects,network strength,and interaction patterns.This study focuses on formal and informal networks from the perspective of micro-level individual interactions,exploring the influence of social networks on labor skill enhancement and employment location choices.Theoretically,this study elucidates the connotations of formal and informal networks based on the micro-level individual interaction perspective,analyzing the social capital attributes of both networks and constructing a theoretical model of social network influencing labor skill enhancement and employment location choices.Empirically,using microdata from the China General Social Survey(CGSS,2012),the study characterizes social networks from the dimensions of extensity,intimacy,and interactivity.Then,confirmatory factor analysis is used to measure the formal and informal network indices of individuals,and em

关 键 词：社会网络 正式网络 非正式网络 劳动者技能 就业地选择 

分 类 号：C912.3[经济管理] F249.2[社会学]