光合生物光抑制现象与光保护措施  

Photoinhibition and photoprotection of photosynthetic organisms

作　　者：扆珩 杨文强 YI Heng;YANG Wenqiang(Photosynthesis Research Center,Key Laboratory of Photobiology,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Innovative Academy of Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,光生物学重点实验室,光合研究中心,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院种子创新研究院,北京100093

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2023年第4期705-714,共10页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0904600);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA24010203和XDA26030105)。

摘　　要：光合作用是地球上最重要的化学反应。光是光合作用高效发生的先决条件。由于太阳角度变化及冠层遮挡、昼夜交替及季节变化等,光照强度会发生好几个数量级的变化,使光变成自然界最易变化的环境因素。合适的光照对于光合生物生长是必需的,但生活在自然环境下的光合生物时常会面对过量光照或者变化剧烈的波动光,这对光合生物是有害的,会导致光抑制现象发生,进而破坏光合器官。因此,光合生物进化出各种适应和调控机制,如避光机制、非光化学焠灭和光系统II (PSII)损伤修复等,以应对光强频繁变化和过高的光强造成的损伤,从而减轻光抑制造成的损害。本文主要总结了光抑制现象产生机制以及光合生物应对光胁迫的策略。Photosynthesis is the most important chemical reaction on the earth.Light is an absolute prerequisite for highly efficient photosynthesis in photosynthetic organisms.Due to the changes of sun angle,canopy shading,diurnal and seasonal changes in light intensity,photosynthetic organisms must deal with several orders of magnitude of light intensity changes,which makes light the most changeable environmental cue.Suitable illumination is necessary for growth of the photosynthetic organisms.However,photosynthetic organisms living in the natural environment are sometimes exposed to excessive light and strong fluctuating light,which are harmful to photosynthetic organisms and cause the occurrence of photoinhibition and the destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus.Therefore,the photosynthetic organisms have developed a variety of adaptive systems and mechanisms in response to frequent changes in light intensity and excessive light to mitigate the damage caused by photoinhibition,such as light avoidance mechanism,non-photochemical quenching,and photosystem II(PSII) damage repair.This review mainly summarizes the mechanisms of photoinhibition and the responses of photosynthetic organisms to light stress.

关 键 词：光 光合作用 光抑制 光保护机制 非光化学焠灭 

分 类 号：Q945.11[生物学—植物学]