油菜直播机旋切式微垄种床制备装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Rotary-cut Micro-ridge Seedbed Device for Rapeseed Direct Seeding Machine

作　　者：李蒙良 廖庆喜[1,2] 裴立民 廖宜涛 王磊[1,2] 张青松 LI Mengliang;LIAO Qingxi;PEI Limin;LIAO Yitao;WANG Lei;ZHANG Qingsong(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第5期47-58,90,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000405);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业(油菜)产业技术体系项目(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：针对长江中下游油菜适播期持续干旱或降雨导致土壤含水率波动大影响油菜成苗的实际情况,探究油菜农机农艺融合模式,提出一种旋耕碎土、两侧开畦沟、厢面旋切微垄、微垄表面播种的油菜微垄直播工艺,设计一种油菜直播机旋切式微垄种床制备装置。根据油菜直播株行距配置、根系生长特点,结合垄作土壤水热特性,确定微垄几何尺寸;基于运动学解析腹板端点旋切土壤的运动规律和腹板滚动包络线,从结构角度定性分析被动旋转过程并确定回转半径、腹板数量、腹板顶角范围;利用DEM-MBD耦合仿真,进行单因素试验和正交旋转回归试验,从土壤角度定量研究了腹板数量、腹板顶角、旋切深度、前进速度对微垄成形的影响规律,并得到装置腹板数量分别为6和8的较优工作参数组合;田间试验使用Trimble TX8三维激光扫描仪重构装置作业后微垄厢面,与仿真结果进行对比分析。结果表明,腹板数量分别为6和8时较优工作参数组合为:腹板顶角、旋切深度、有效沟深分别为28.00°、100 mm、83.59 mm和26.50°、92 mm、64.26 mm,田间试验微垄沟深和微垄距平均值为103.08、85.16 mm和332.92、266.88 mm,与仿真结果最大误差为8.25%,微垄合格率分别为100%和90%。A rotary-cut micro-ridge seedbed preparation device(RMSD)was designed to facilitate rapeseed direct seeding in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River region,where continuous rainfall and sunny days can cause significant fluctuations in soil moisture and affect seedling growth.The RMSD employs rolling boards that passively rotate and stack micro-ridges by cutting into the rotary-tilled soil as the machine moves forward,with grooves connecting to furrows on both sides.The geometric size of the micro-ridge was defined according to the row spacing configuration and root growth characteristics of direct rapeseed seeding,combined with soil water and ridge cultivation heat characteristics.Based on kinematics,the rolling board endpoint trace and the rolling board envelope were analyzed to determine the qualitative parameters in the structure terms.The results were that the number of rolling boards was 6~10,and the angle range of the rolling board was 0°~28°for further study.The DEM-MBD coupling simulation was conducted with the single factor test and the orthogonal rotation regression test to investigate and optimize the parameters of the RMSD(rolling board number,rolling board angle,and forward speed).The optimization results were as follows:when the rolling board of the RMSD was 6 and 8,respectively,and the rolling board angle,rotary cutting depth,and efficient groove depth were 28.00°,100 mm,83.59 mm and 26.50°,92 mm and 64.26 mm,respectively.The field test used the Trimble TX83D laser scanner to reconstruct the micro-ridge surface after RMSD operation and compared it with the simulation results.The field test showed the maximum deviations of actual depth and microridge distance were 8.25%,and the qualified rates of micro-ridge were 100%and 90%,respectively,under the optimal parameter combination of 6 and 8 rolling boards.The research result can provide a reference for the structural improvement of the rapeseed bed preparation device.

关 键 词：油菜 直播机 微垄 DEM-MBD耦合 旋切 种床制备 

分 类 号：S222.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]