蔬菜移栽机栽植静轨迹可调式鸭嘴栽植装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Duckbill Planting Device with Adjustable Static Trajectory for Planting Vegetable Transplanters

作　　者：颜华[1,2] 刘冲 李鹏斌 陈荣文 周海燕 庄腾飞[1] YAN Hua;LIU Chong;LI Pengbin;CHEN Rongwen;ZHOU Haiyan;ZHUANG Tengfei(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Technology,Beijing 100083,China;Modern Agricultural Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;Guangxi Hepu County Huilaibao Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Hepu 536100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100083 [2]农业装备技术全国重点实验室,北京100083 [3]现代农装科技股份有限公司,北京100083 [4]广西合浦县惠来宝机械制造有限公司,合浦536100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第5期71-81,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2001800);国有资本金项目(GZ202001)。

摘　　要：蔬菜移栽机在膜上移栽时,只能在较小的范围内调整株距,以保证较小栽植穴口,株距过大会造成栽植器前移撕膜,过小会导致栽植器后移带膜,形成较大穴口,影响幼苗后期生长,为此设计一套栽植静轨迹无级可调的往复式鸭嘴栽植装置。在分析栽植装置结构特点、工作过程及调整构件尺寸参数和安装参数以实现不同株距较小穴口栽植原理的基础上,提出了一套栽植静轨迹无级可调的栽植机构及其栽植方法。通过建立机构的运动学模型,开发了可视化辅助设计软件,分析了各参数对栽植特性的影响,使用逐步逼近法确定了一组满足要求的参数:L_(1)=35 mm、L_(2)=350 mm、L_(3)=70 mm、L_(5)=280 mm、d_(D)=358 mm、Φ4=15°、x_(B)=20 mm,标定了株距每间隔50 mm对应的支点B纵坐标yB的位置。根据机构参数组合设计了鸭嘴栽植装置并建立了三维模型,进行了运动学仿真,验证了鸭嘴栽植装置结构设计的可行性。开展了实验室样机试验,试验结果表明:栽植株距在100~600 mm之间,栽植合格率大于90%,株距变异系数小于6%,穴口长度均小于100 mm,其中株距100 mm时平均穴口长度为52.26 mm,栽植效果良好,可以满足不同株距小穴口的栽植要求。When transplanting on the film,the vegetable transplanter can only adjust the plant spacing in a small range to ensure a smaller planting hole opening,if the plant spacing is too large,it will cause the planters to move forward and tear the film,if the plant spacing is too small,it will cause the planters to move backward with the film,these will make the planting hole opening too large,and will affect the later growth of seedlings,for this reason a set of reciprocating duckbill planting device with steplessly adjustable planting static trajectory was designed.A set of planting mechanism with steplessly adjustable planting trajectory and its planting method were proposed based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of the planting device,the working process and the principle of adjusting the size parameters of the components and the installation parameters to realize the planting of smaller holes with different plant spacings.By establishing a veridical kinematic model of the mechanism,developing visual aided design software,analyzing the influence of each parameter on the planting characteristics,and using the stepwise approximation method to determine a set of parameters that met the requirements as follows:L_(1)=35 mm,L_(2)=350 mm,L_(3)=70 mm,L_(5)=280 mm,d_(D)=358 mm,Φ4=15°,x_(B)=20 mm.The position of the longitudinal coordinate yB of the pivot point B corresponding to every 50 mm interval between the plants was marked.The duckbill planting device was designed and modelled in 3D according to the combination of mechanism parameters,and kinematic simulations were carried out to verify the feasibility of the duckbill planting device.Laboratory prototype tests were carried out and the results showed that the planting pass rate was greater than 90%at plant spacings between 100 mm and 600 mm,the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was less than 6%and the hole size was less than 100 mm,with an average hole size of 52.26 mm at plant spacing of 100 mm.

关 键 词：蔬菜移栽机 膜上移栽 鸭嘴栽植装置 栽植静轨迹 多杆机构 

分 类 号：S223.94[农业科学—农业机械化工程] TH112.1[农业科学—农业工程]