Chromosome-level Genomes Reveal the Genetic Basis of Descending Dysploidy and Sex Determination in Morus Plants  

作　　者：Zhongqiang Xia Xuelei Dai Wei Fan Changying Liu Meirong Zhang Peipei Bian Yuping Zhou Liang Li Baozhong Zhu Shuman Liu Zhengang Li Xiling Wang Maode Yu Zhonghuai Xiang Yu Jiang Aichun Zhao 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology,Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China [2]Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province,College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China [3]Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China [4]The Sericultural and Apicultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mengzi 661100,China [5]College of Sericulture,Textile and Biomass Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China

出　　处：《Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics》2022年第6期1119-1137,共19页基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFD1000604);the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-18-ZJ0201);the Forestry Promotion by Science and Technology Program of Chongqing,China(Grant No.Yulinkeyan2020-2);the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.22NSFSC3680).

摘　　要：Multiple plant lineages have independently evolved sex chromosomes and variable karyotypes to maintain their sessile lifestyles through constant biological innovation.Morus notabilis,a dioecious mulberry species,has the fewest chromosomes among Morus spp.,but the genetic basis of sex determination and karyotype evolution in this species has not been identified.In this study,three high-quality genome assemblies were generated for Morus spp.[including dioecious M.notabilis(male and female)and Morus yunnanensis(female)]with genome sizes of 301–329 Mb and were grouped into six pseudochromosomes.Using a combination of genomic approaches,we found that the putative ancestral karyotype of Morus species was close to 14 protochromosomes,and that several chromosome fusion events resulted in descending dysploidy(2n=2x=12).We also characterized a~6.2-Mb sex-determining region on chromosome 3.Four potential male-specific genes,a partially duplicated DNA helicase gene(named MSDH)and three Ty3_Gypsy long terminal repeat retrotransposons(named MSTG1/2/3),were identified in the Y-linked area and considered to be strong candidate genes for sex determination or differentiation.Population genomic analysis showed that Guangdong accessions in China were genetically similar to Japanese accessions of mulberry.In addition,genomic areas containing selective sweeps that distinguish domesticated mulberry from wild populations in terms of flowering and disease resistance were identified.Our study provides an important genetic resource for sex identification research and molecular breeding in mulberry.

关 键 词：MULBERRY Karyotype evolution DIOECY Sex determination Population genomics 

分 类 号：S888[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]