玉米扎穴施肥机构仿真分析与试验研究  

Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study on Maize Hole Pricking Fertilization Mechanism

作　　者：古冬冬 张征 关阳 杨杰 赵俊强 王一言 Gu Dongdong;Zhang Zheng;Guan Yang;Yang Jie;Zhao Junqiang;Wang Yiyan(School of Mechanical Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学机械学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第11期68-74,110,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979108);中原科技创新领军人才项目(194200510008);河南省科技研发专项(192102110091)。

摘　　要：玉米穴施肥方式不仅能大大提升肥料利用率,还能有效改善土壤富营养化,故针对穴施肥技术很多学者研发了相关的作业机械。笔者针对玉米中耕施肥管理设计了两种不同的扎穴施肥机构,为了验证施肥器的工作性能,运用运动学仿真软件对其进行了模拟仿真分析,同时将两种施肥器搭载在三轮纯电动田间管理机械上,进行了实物扎穴施肥试验。通过仿真试验得到:当施肥机械行驶速度为4km/h时,排肥轮做往复旋转运动的施肥器较曲柄摇杆运动的施肥器一个周期运动所需要的驱动力和落肥过程肥轮旋转角度、角速度及角加速度更小,振动幅度小,扎穴施肥稳定,排肥效果更好。初步扎穴试验表明:排肥轮做往复旋转运动的施肥器和曲柄摇杆运动的施肥器排肥变异系数均满足要求,可以实现玉米精准扎穴施肥功能,满足玉米中耕追肥要求,且右侧施肥器变异系数更小,表明右侧施肥器工作性能更稳定。Corn hole fertilization can not only greatly improve fertilizer utilization,but also effectively improve soil eutrophication.Many scholars have developed relevant operating machinery for hole fertilization technology.In this paper,two different fixed fertilization mechanisms are designed for maize intercropping fertilization management.In order to verify the working performance of the fertilizer applicator,the kinematics simulation software is used to simulate and analyze it.At the same time,the two fertilizer applicators are carried on the three wheel pure electric field management machinery to carry out the physical hole pricking fertilization experiment.The simulation test shows that when the running speed of fertilization machinery is 4km/h,the fertilizer applicator with reciprocating rotation of fertilizer discharge wheel needs less driving force and the rotation angle,angular velocity and angular acceleration of fertilizer wheel in the process of fertilizer falling than the fertilizer applicator with crank rocker motion,the vibration amplitude is small,and the hole digging fertilization is stable,indicating that the fertilizer discharge effect is better.At the same time,through the preliminary hole pricking test,the fertilizer discharge variation coefficients of the fertilizer applicator with reciprocating rotation of the fertilizer discharge wheel and the fertilizer applicator with crank rocker motion meet the requirements,which can realize the precise hole pricking fertilization function of corn and meet the requirements of corn intercropping and topdressing,and the variation coefficient of the right fertilizer applicator is smaller,indicating that the working performance of the right fertilizer applicator is more stable.

关 键 词：扎穴施肥 施肥机构 运动仿真 

分 类 号：S224.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S220.3[农业科学—农业工程]