基于小重叠偏置碰撞的某B级车车身结构改进设计  

Improved Design of Body Structure of a Class B Vehicle Based on Small Overlap Offset Collision

作　　者：丁亚运 魏新龙 DING Yayun;WEI Xinlong(College of Automotive Studies,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;Shanghai Yirui Automobile Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201804 [2]上海翼锐汽车科技有限公司,上海201800

出　　处：《汽车零部件》2023年第6期20-26,共7页Automobile Parts

摘　　要：某B级轿车在进行IIHS规程小重叠(25%)偏置碰撞测试中出现A柱折弯、假人受伤严重等现象,在等级评价中被评为“较差”,采用理论分析、有限元仿真和实车碰撞测试相结合的分析方法对其结构耐撞性进行改进研究。从理论角度分析小重叠偏置碰撞载荷传递路径和能量传递情况,并通过建立有限元模型模拟碰撞过程,将CAE仿真结果和实车测试结果进行对比,所反映的变形与侵入量较为一致。根据小偏置碰撞测试中车体结构变形及侵入量特点提出结构优化方案,对优化方案进行碰撞仿真。仿真结果表明:车辆的车体A柱折弯及变形程度和乘员舱侵入量明显改善,优化后的方案在等级评价中提升至“优秀”。最后将优化方案实施在实车上进行试验验证,同样获得“优秀”评级。A class B car was evaluated as“poor”due to the bending of A-pillar and serious injury of dummy in the small overlap(25%)offset collision test of IIHS regulations.The structural crashworthiness was improved by the combination of theoretical analysis,finite element simulation and real vehicle crash test.The load transfer path and energy transfer of small overlap offset collision were analyzed theoretically,and the finite element model was established to simulate the collision process.The CAE simulation results were compared with the real vehicle test results,and the reflected deformation was consistent with the intrusion.According to the characteristics of body structure deformation and intrusion in small offset collision test,the structural optimization scheme was proposed,and the collision simulation was carried out for the optimization scheme.The simulation results show that the bending and deformation degree of vehicle body A-pillar and the intrusion of passenger compartment are significantly improved,and the optimized scheme is upgraded to“good”in the grade evaluation.Finally,the optimization scheme is implemented on the real vehicle for experimental verification,and the“good”rating is also obtained.

关 键 词：小重叠偏置碰撞 结构耐撞性 有限元仿真 汽车安全性 

分 类 号：U461.91[机械工程—车辆工程]