锂离子电池容量衰退机理与影响因素  

Degradation mechanism and influencing factors on lithium-ion batteries

作　　者：闫啸宇 周思达 卢宇 周新岸 陈飞 杨世春[2] 华旸 徐凯 YAN Xiaoyu;ZHOU Sida;LU Yu;ZHOU Xin’an;CHEN Fei;YANG Shichun;HUA Yang;XU Kai(School of Electronic Information Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;National New Energy Vehicle Technology Innovation Center,Beijing 102602,China;BYD Co.,Ltd,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京100191 [3]国家新能源汽车技术创新中心,北京102602 [4]比亚迪股份有限公司,深圳518000

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报》2023年第6期1402-1413,共12页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B0909030002)。

摘　　要：发展电动汽车是中国迈向汽车强国的重要发展战略。锂离子电池是电动汽车的重要储能元件,然而其寿命异常衰退、健康状态表征难等问题严重制约了产业快速健康发展。锂离子电池性能微观模糊性、演化复杂性、实际多变性造成其状态和性能估计表征难,容量衰退估计偏差大。因此,亟需深入挖掘内部容量衰退机理、建立数学模型实现微观反应过程量化评价。从锂离子电池容量衰退机理研究出发,系统性分析正负极材料、电解液、集流体等电池基础材料在电池老化过程中的失效机理,结合实际锂离子电池运行工况阐明锂离子电池老化影响因素,分析充放电倍率、温度、循环区间3种因素对容量衰退影响;归纳总结了现有的3类锂离子电池容量衰退数学模型,为锂离子电池精细化建模、电池健康管理方法设计提供了参考。As the development of new energy vehicles has been considered an important strategy for China on becoming an automobile power,electric vehicles,and power batteries have been broadly researched.However,the difficulty in evaluating battery lifespan and health state limits the further application for lithium batteries.In this article,the systematical analysis of the aging mechanism of the battery with the consideration of positive or negative materials,electrolytes,and current collectors is carried out.And to examine the impact of charge and discharge ratio,temperature,and cycle interval,a variety of influencing factors,such as extreme working conditions,elaborate factors of power battery aging,are compiled.Moreover,the article reviews the current mathematical models of battery capacity mechanism,and provides the reference for the construction of the digital twin model,delivering the potential theoretical basis for the design of the vehicle battery health management system.

关 键 词：电动汽车 锂离子电池 容量衰退 老化模型 老化因素 

分 类 号：U469[机械工程—车辆工程]