公平竞争与企业生产率:配置优化还是竞争逃离?  

Fair Competition and Enterprises’Productivity:Optimizing Resource Allocation or Escaping Competition?

作　　者：张敏敏 张国琰 Zhang Minmin;Zhang Guoyan(School of Economics and Management,Taishan University,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China;School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]泰山学院经济管理学院,山东泰安271000 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《技术经济》2023年第6期102-114,共13页Journal of Technology Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义视阈下技术变迁的动力、机制与政策研究”(19ZDA047)。

摘　　要：政府对企业的过度干预及歧视性干预造成了竞争的缺失和竞争的不公平,严重损害了企业的生产效率。公平竞争审查制度是对政府规制行为的再规制,是竞争政策的具体化,可以发挥优化资源配置效应和竞争逃离效应提升企业生产率。以公平竞争审查制度出台为准自然实验构建倾向得分匹配双重差分(PSM-DID)模型,研究发现公平竞争审查制度实施对受冲击企业的平均生产率水平有显著的正向影响,且随制度推行逐渐深化。这一正向影响在低初始生产率及国有企业等低效率企业中尤为显著,说明公平竞争审查制度实施中显著提升了市场主体而非生产要素的公平竞争,以致竞争逃离效应显著而优化资源配置效应不足。而抑制企业寻租活动、破除地方保护和规制行政垄断是公平竞争审查制度提高市场竞争程度,进而激发低效率企业竞争逃离效应的重要渠道机制。研究结论为企业高质量发展及强化公平竞争政策地位提供了有益的政策启示。The government’s excessive and discriminatory intervention in enterprises not only leads to insufficient competition but also unfair competition,which seriously damages enterprises’productivity.Fair competition policy can optimize resources’allocation,improve the intensity and fairness of competition,and then cause the resource allocation effect and competition escape effect to improve enterprises’productivity.Taking the introduction of the fair competition review system as a quasi‑natural experiment to construct the PSM‑DID model,the empirical results of this model show that the fair competition review system has a significant positive promoting effect on the average productivity of enterprises,and it gradually deepens with the implementation of the review system.This positive effect is particularly significant in the low initial productivity and state‑owned enterprises with more severe impact and greater competitive pressure.It shows that the construction of the fair competition review system has significantly improved the fair competition of market entities rather than production factors,so that the effect of competition escape is significant and the effect of optimizing resource allocation is insufficient.Fair competition review system can improve market competitiveness and competition fairness by inhibiting enterprises’rent‑seeking activities,breaking down local protection barriers and regulating administrative monopoly,and then cause the competition escape effect to improve enterprises’productivity.The research conclusions provide useful policy implications for the high‑quality development of enterprises and strengthening the status of fair competition policy.

关 键 词：公平竞争 全要素生产率 优化资源配置效应 竞争逃离效应 公平竞争审查制度 

分 类 号：F271[经济管理—企业管理]