科学数据共享中的结构洞探析  

Analysis of Structural Holes in Scientific Data Sharing

作　　者：刘玉 赵丽梅[1,2] LIU Yu;ZHAO Li-mei(Heilongjiang University Information Management School,Heilongjiang Harbin 150080,China;Heilongjiang University Research Center of Information Resources Management,Heilongjiang Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学信息管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江大学信息资源管理研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《科学管理研究》2023年第3期107-112,共6页Scientific Management Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71904044);教育部人文社科项目(编号:19YJC870031);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(编号:LH2020G008)。

摘　　要：科学数据共享是填补数据鸿沟、结束资源不平等分配、实现数据重用的一项重要举措。在错综复杂的科学数据共享网络中,分散独立的主体因所处位置不同、资源拥有量的差异很难建立直接性的可达关系,需要依托扮演“结构洞”角色的主体实现科学数据共享,因此探究科学数据共享中的结构洞对于推动科学研究中数据的快速获取和高效流动有重要作用。在界定和分析结构洞、科学数据共享等核心概念的基础上,辩证地对科学数据共享中结构洞的作用进行价值评判,并进一步提出实践转移、生态建设、激励机制和优化网络结构四条实施策略,以提高科学数据共享中资源的可获得性,弱化科学数据共享壁垒,构建良好的数据共享生态。Scientific data sharing is an important measure to fll the data gap,end the unequal distribution of resources and realize data reuse.In the complex network of scientific data sharing,it is difficult for dispersed and independent subjects to establish direct accessibility relations due to their different locations and resource ownership,so it is necessary to rely on the subject playing the role of"structural hole"to realize scientific data sharing.Therefore,exploring the structural holes in scientific data sharing plays an important role in promoting the rapid acquisition and efficient flow of data in scien-tific research.Based on defining and analyzing the core concepts of structural holes and scientific data sharing,the value of the role of structural holes in scientific data sharing is dialectically evaluated,and four implementation strategies of practice transfer,ecological construction,incentive mechanism,and optimized network structure are further proposed to improve the accessibility of resources in scientific data sharing,weaken the barriers to scientific data sharing,and build a good data sharing ecology.

关 键 词：结构洞 科学数据共享 社会网络分析 激励机制 

分 类 号：G250[文化科学—图书馆学]