海南岛南部海湾潮间带沉积物微塑料赋存特征及其风险评估  

The distribution characteristics of microplastics and risk assessment in intertidal sediments of southern bay of Hainan Island

作　　者：边伟杰 吕淑果[2] 史云峰 曾映旭 孙睿 王辛鑫 刘敏 BIAN Wei-jie;LYU Shu-guo;SHIYun-feng;ZENGYing-xu;SUN Rui;WANG Xin-xin;LIU Min(Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute/Key Laboratory for Coastal Marine Eco-environment process and Carbon Sink of Hainan Province/Modern Marine Ranching Engineering Research Center of Hainan/College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan Tropical Ocean University,Sanya 572022,China;Hainan Academy of Environmental Science,Haikou 571126,China)

机构地区：[1]海南热带海洋学院,崖州湾创新研究院/海南省近岸海洋生态环境过程与碳汇重点实验室/海南省现代化海洋牧场工程研究中心/生态环境学院,海南三亚572022 [2]海南省环境科学研究院,海南海口571126

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2023年第3期345-353,共9页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(422MS082);海南省自然科学基金项目(2019RC241);海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2020178);海南热带海洋学院崖州湾创新研究院重大科技计划项目(2022CXYZD002);海南省研究生创新科研课题项目(Qhys2021-398)。

摘　　要：微塑料(<5 mm)是一种备受关注的新型污染物,目前,微塑料在海南岛近岸海湾潮间带的赋存特征和影响因素的相关研究极其有限。本研究分析了海南岛南部12个海湾潮间带沉积物中微塑料的赋存特征,并利用聚合物风险指数和污染负荷指数对微塑料污染的风险程度进行了评估。结果表明,在12个海湾潮间带沉积物中均检测出微塑料,平均丰度为(715±135.98)n/kg,微塑料丰度的空间差异明显,在小东海(XDH)的丰度最高[(2433.33±765.62)n/kg],与除崖州湾(YZ)外的其他站点的微塑料丰度有显著差异(p<0.05);鹿回头(LHT)的丰度最低[(206.67±6.67)n/kg],与XDH和YZ之间有显著差异(p<0.05)。微塑料丰度与总有机碳含量(total organic carbon,TOC)呈显著正相关性(p<0.05)。微塑料形态有纤维状、碎片状、薄膜状和颗粒状,以纤维状(66%)和碎片状(31%)为主;微塑料颜色有透明、黑色、蓝色、红色、棕色、黄色和绿色,其中透明的最丰富(94%)。微塑料聚合物有聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和人造丝(Rayon)8种材质,其中以Rayon、PE和PET为主,不同聚合物的微塑料空间分布差异大。聚合物风险指数和微塑料污染负荷指数结果表明,海南岛南部海湾潮间带沉积物微塑料污染程度处于中等水平,推测生活污水输入、旅游和渔业活动是微塑料的主要来源。Microplastics(<5 mm)is a type of emerging contaminants that has attracted much attention.However,the relevant study of distribution characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics in the intertidal zone of the coastal bays of Hainan Island is extremely limited.In this study,the distribution characteristics of microplastics in the intertidal sediments of 12 bays in southern Hainan Island were analyzed,and the risk level of microplastics pollution was assessed by using polymer index and pollution load index.Microplastics were detected in the intertidal sediments of 12 bays,with an average abundance of 715±135.98 n/kg.The spatial variation of microplastics abundance was obvious,and the highest abundance(2433.33±765.62 n/kg)was found in station XDH(Xiaodonghai)with significant difference(p<0.05)from other sites except Yazhou(YZ)bayl,while the lowest abundance was found in LHT(Louhuitou),with a significant difference(p<0.05)from XDH and YZ.There was a significant positive correlation between microplastics abundance and total organic carbon(TOC)(p<0.05).The shape types of microplastics were fiber,fragment,film and granule,mainly fiber(66%)and fragment(31%).Microplastic colors were transparent,black,blue,red,brown,yellow and green,with transparent being the most abundant(94%).Microplastics were composed of polyethylene(PE),polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polypropylene(PP),polystyrene(PS),polyamide(PA),polylactic acid(PLA),polyvinyl chloride(PVC)and rayon,of which rayon,PE and PET accounted for the majority.The spatial distribution of microplastics with different polymers varied greatly.Combined with the polymer index and pollution load index,the microplastic pollution level in the intertidal sediments of the southern Bay of Hainan Island was at a moderate level,and it was speculated that domestic sewage input,tourism and fishery activities were the main sources of microplastics.

关 键 词：微塑料 沉积物 潮间带 赋存特征 风险评估 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质] X132[天文地球—海洋科学] X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]