重污染底泥对苦草(Vallisneria natans)和黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)繁殖体萌发及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of heavily polluted sediments on propagule germination and seedling growth of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata

作　　者：张淑娴 李竹栖 张浩坤 李霞 彭雪[1] 葛芳杰 张璐[1] 吴振斌[1,3] 刘碧云[1] Zhang Shuxian;Li Zhuxi;Zhang Haokun;Li Xia;Peng Xue;Ge Fangjie;Zhang Lu;Wu Zhenbin;Liu Biyun(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国地质大学环境学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2023年第4期1247-1254,共8页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32171632,31830013);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA073)联合资助。

摘　　要：为探究重污染底泥对沉水植物繁殖体萌发和幼苗生长影响,以苦草(Vallisneria natans)种子和黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)冬芽为研究对象,以轻污染底泥为对照组,通过室内模拟实验研究了重污染底泥对两种繁殖体萌发和幼苗生长、生理特性的影响。实验结果表明,与轻污染底泥相比,重污染底泥对苦草种子萌发和幼苗生长无显著影响。黑藻冬芽萌发和幼苗地上部生物量在两组间没有显著差异,但重污染底泥组幼苗的地下部生物量显著高于轻污染底泥组,其地上部和地下部生物量比值由7.06±0.38下降至2.97±0.08。此外,苦草和黑藻幼苗受到重污染底泥胁迫表现出不同的生理响应。苦草幼苗叶片的类胡萝卜素含量显著减少,可溶性糖和蛋白含量分别降低11.56%、24.10%,根系活力也明显受到抑制,仅为(34.93±3.28)mg/(g·h);黑藻幼苗生理响应与苦草略有不同,其叶片的叶绿素a、b含量显著增加,根系活力降低44.29%,可溶性糖和蛋白含量在轻污染组和重污染组之间无显著差异。由此可见,重污染底泥对苦草种子和黑藻冬芽的萌发影响不显著,但会明显影响幼苗的生长发育和生理特性,研究结果为底泥重污染的富营养化湖泊利用繁殖体恢复沉水植物提供一定的科学依据。This study examined the influences of heavily polluted sediments on the germination of Vallisneria natans seeds and Hydrilla verticillata turions,as well as their seedlings growth and characteristics of physiological changes in the laboratory.Compared with the slightly polluted sediment groups,the heavily polluted sediment groups had no significant influence on the seeds germination or seedlings growth of V.natans.Both the turions germination and shoot biomass of seedlings of H.verticillata showed no significant difference between the two groups,but the root biomass accumulation of H.verticillata significantly increased in heavily polluted sediments,and the shoot-root ratio decreased from 7.06±0.38 to 2.97±0.08.In addition,the heavily polluted sediments affected the physiological properties of V.natans and H.verticillata.Specifically,the contents of carotenoid in the leaves of V.natans in heavily polluted sediment groups were significantly lower than in slightly polluted sediment groups.And the contents of soluble carbohydrate and soluble protein decreased by 11.56%and 24.10%,respectively.Furthermore,the root activity was only(34.93±3.28)mg/(g·h)in heavily polluted sediment groups.Different from V.natans,the contents of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in the leaves of H.verticillata were significantly increased in the heavily polluted sediment groups,the root activity decreased by 44.29%,whereas the contents of soluble carbohydrate and protein showed no significant difference between the two types of sediments.The results could provide a scientific basis for using propagule to restore submerged plants in eutrophic lakes with heavily polluted sediments.

关 键 词：底泥 萌发 苦草 黑藻 幼苗生长 生理特性 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]