科技场馆展教活动分众化的实践现状及改进策略探析——基于场馆教育人员的实证考察  

Exploration and Analysis on the Current Situation and Improvement Strategies of Segmentation Practice of Exhibition-Based Educational Programs in Science and Technology Museums:Based on the Empirical Investigation of Museum Educators

作　　者：李无言 宋娴[1] Li Wuyan;Song Xian(Shanghai Science and Technology Museum,Shanghai 200127)

机构地区：[1]上海科技馆,上海200127

出　　处：《科普研究》2023年第2期29-37,111,共10页Studies on Science Popularization

基　　金：上海市科技计划项目2021年度“科技创新行动计划”软科学重点项目“上海市科技类博物馆知识传播分众化研究”(21692193500);上海科技馆种子基金课题“新时代科技馆知识传播分众化策略研究”(SSTM/SOPZY-03-R2KZ-20220100014)。

摘　　要：展教活动是科技场馆实现非正式教育职能的主要手段。随着观众需求日益复杂多样,将展教活动分众化、为观众提供针对性服务成为科技场馆提质增效、获得长足发展的必要手段之一,但尚未有实证研究深入探讨当前科技场馆展教活动分众化的实践现状。本研究采用质性研究方法,对22家场馆的27位教育人员进行半结构化访谈,并使用Nvivo11.0软件对访谈结果进行编码分析,发现展览支撑、活动策划和活动实施是分众化实践中的重要维度,提炼其中要点能够初步构建展教活动分众化实践理想模型。在此基础上,提出科技场馆可从多层次的分众展览支撑、全方位的分众教育策划和全流程的分众教育实施三方面着手,系统性地改进展教活动的建议,以期为科技场馆优化展教工作提供参考和借鉴。Exhibition-Based educational programs are a major tool for science and technology museums to deliver informal science education.To address visitors'increasingly complex and diverse needs,science and technology museums should use visitor segmentation and service orientation to design Exhibition-Based educational programs to achieve quality,efficient and sustainable development.However,there is a lack of empirical study that explores the current situation,existing issues and improvement strategies of Exhibition-Based educational programs with visitor segmentation in science and technology museums.Thus,this study applies the qualitative research method to conduct semistructured interviews with 27 educators from 22 museums,and analyse interview results using the Nvivo 11.0 software.According to the study,exhibition support,program planning and program implementation are key elements of educational programs with visitor segmentation.Identifying core elements of the practice can be conducive to setting up an ideal model for organizing targeted programs.On this basis,it is proposed that science and technology museums could improve the quality of their educational programs in three aspects:visitor-based exhibition support,all-around customized program planning and whole-process program implementation.The results can provide a reference and basis for optimizing exhibition-based educational programs in science and technology museums.

关 键 词：科技场馆 分众化 展教活动 教育人员 

分 类 号：N4[自然科学总论] G265[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]