试论法学上的基础公理  

On the Basic Axioms in Law

作　　者：胡玉鸿 HU Yu-hong(Research Institute of Human Rights and Xi Jinping’s Law Thought Research Center of East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学人权研究院、习近平法治思想研究中心,上海200042

出　　处：《河北学刊》2023年第4期176-189,共14页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“习近平法治思想中的民生保障理论研究”(21&ZD190);2020年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“健全社会公平正义法治保障制度研究”(20AZD028);南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院资助

摘　　要：法学上的基础公理是法学研究中常引以为据的基本原理,它成为推导法律理论、评判法律得失、引导法律进步的先导性理论。在人文、社会科学领域,人乃尊严的存在、人是理性的动物、人有自利的本性、人为独特的个体是人们普遍肯认的基础公理,也是法学研究中必须予以尊重和接纳的法学基本原理。从法学上而言,人作为尊严的存在,要求所有法律制度的出发点均应以维护、捍卫人的尊严作为根本的出发点;人具理性,法律应当以保障人的自由、自主为己任,将自治作为法律行为的制度根基;人有自利的本性,法律必须通过予人利益的诱导方式促成人们执行和遵守法律;人作为独特的个体,一方面要在法律上按照平等的要求设定人们必须共同遵守的行为规则,另一方面又必须为人的独特性留下相应的法律制度安排。The fundamental axioms in law are often cited as fundamental principles in legal research.In the fields of humanities and social sciences,the existence of human dignity is a universally recognized fundamental axiom,and it is also a fundamental principle of law that must be respected and accepted in legal research.From a legal perspective,people require that the starting point of all legal systems be to maintain and protect human dignity as the fundamental starting point.Human beings have rationality,and the law should take safeguarding human freedom and autonomy as its own responsibility,taking autonomy as the institutional foundation of legal behavior.People have a self-interest nature,and the law must induce people to enforce and comply with the law by giving them benefits.As a unique individual,on the one hand,humans beings must set rules of conduct that they must comply with the requirements of equality in the law,and on the other hand,they must give corresponding legal arrangements for their uniqueness.

关 键 词：法学基础公理 尊严 理性 自利 独特 

分 类 号：D903[政治法律—法学理论]