“乡村建设学派”的理论与实践及对乡村振兴的启示  

The Theory and Practice of the “Rural Construction School”and Its Enlightenment for Rural Revitalization

作　　者：向德平 张坤 XIANG Deping;ZHANG Kun

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学社会学院 [2]华中科技大学乡村振兴研究院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期138-151,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国特色反贫困理论与脱贫攻坚精神研究”(21JZD015);华中科技大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究专项“脱贫攻坚对铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实践效果研究”(2021ZLXJ004);华中科技大学文科双一流建设项目基金资助(乡村振兴研究)。

摘　　要：20世纪二三十年代,梁漱溟、晏阳初、黄炎培等知识分子发起救亡图存的乡村建设运动,提出文化失调与重建、平民教育、农民组织化等乡村建设理论,在学术史上被称为“乡村建设学派”。乡村建设学派开展知识教育提升农民的发展能力,建立乡村组织培育农民的公共精神,倡导放足运动解缚女性的身体,施行禁毒禁赌净化乡村的文化环境,推广公益事业改善乡村的设施条件,实现对农民和乡村的双重改造。乡村建设学派为重建社会组织构造、探索乡村建设道路作出重要贡献,但也面临理论与实践的张力、资源条件限制、与农民联结度较弱等局限。当下的乡村建设行动与乡村建设学派的理论和实践具有理论内核的延续性、行动理念的契合性、乡建目标的一致性以及乡建内容的承继性。这也启示我们,乡村建设行动应当坚持以人为本、尊重伦理、重建团结、理论与实践相结合的行动理念和实践策略,从而推进乡村振兴的高效实施。In the 1920s and 1930s,intellectuals such as Liang Shuming,Yan Yangchu,and Huang Yanpei launched a rural construction movement to save the nation and seek survival.They proposed rural construction theories such as cultural imbalance and reconstruction,civilian education,and farmer organization,which are known as the“Rural Construction School”in academic history.The rural construction school carried out knowledge education to enhance the development ability of farmers,established rural organizations to cultivate the public spirit of farmers,advocated for releasing foot movements to liberate women s bodies,implemented drug and gambling bans to purify the cultural environment of rural areas,promoted public welfare undertakings to improve the facilities and conditions of rural areas,and realized the dual transformation of farmers and rural areas.The rural construction school made important contributions to rebuilding the social organizational structure and exploring the path of rural construction,but it also faced limitations such as theoretical and practical tension,resource constraints,and weak connection with farmers.The theory and practice of the rural construction school and rural construction actions have the continuity of the theoretical core,the compatibility of action concepts,the consistency of rural construction goals,and the continuity of rural construction content.It suggests that rural construction actions should adhere to the action concepts and practical strategies of putting people first,respecting ethics,rebuilding unity,and combining theory and practice to promote the efficient implementation of rural revitalization.

关 键 词：乡村建设学派 乡村建设理论 乡村建设行动 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] D422.6[政治法律—政治学]