规模扩张下的高等教育机会不平等测度——兼论高校扩招的教育代际流动效应  

The Measurement of Inequality of Opportunity in Access to Higher Education under the Scale Expansion:With Additional Analyses on the Effect of College Enrollment Expansion on Intergenerational Mobility

作　　者：孙俊华[1] 万洋 Junhua Sun;Yang Wan(Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学教育研究院,南京210023

出　　处：《教育与经济》2023年第3期53-63,共11页Education & Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“高校创业教育的有效性研究:测量方法、作用机制与情境因素”(71974093);江苏省教育科学规划战略性与政策性重大招标课题“教育促进共同富裕的作用机制和实现路径研究”(A/2022/a2)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：高等教育规模扩张的成果是否能够更多、更公平地惠及全体人民,需要有来自机会不平等视域的实证检验。基于CLDS 2018年相关数据,依托Roemer“环境—努力”二元分析框架,测度了高等教育机会获得在规模扩张背景下的不平等程度,并探讨高等教育机会不平等中各环境要素的差异化贡献与高校扩招政策的教育代际流动效应。研究发现,户籍、父母职业、父母受教育程度等可观测环境、不可观测环境以及努力程度均显著影响个体接受高等教育的概率;全样本中的高等教育总体机会不平等指数为0.432,在高校扩招之后呈现下降趋势,其中优质机会不平等指数为0.204,并在扩招之后不断上升;高等教育机会获得会在代际传递,但受到扩招政策的调节,教育代际流动性增强。据此,建议通过教育资源配置优化等措施,促进新时代高等教育获得的机会平等。Whether the results of the expansion of higher education are more equitable for all people requires empirical tests from the perspective of inequality of opportunity.Based on the data of CLDS 2018 and Roemer’s“environment-effort”binary analysis framework,this paper measures the degree of inequality of opportunity in access to higher education in the context of scale expansion,explores the differential contribution of various environmental factors in the inequality of opportunity and the effect of scale expansion policy on intergenerational mobility of education.The study found that the observable and unobservable environments such as household registration,parents’occupation,and parents’education level,as well as the level of effort,all significantly affect the probability of individuals receiving higher education;the overall inequality of opportunity index in the full sample was 0.432,and after the expansion of enrollment in universities,it showed a downward trend;the high-quality education inequality of opportunity index was 0.204,and it continued to rise after the expansion of enrollment;higher education opportunities have been passed between generations,but due to the adjustment of scale expansion policy,the intergenerational mobility of education has increased.Accordingly,this paper proposes to promote equal opportunities for higher education in the new era through measures such as optimizing the allocation of educational resources.

关 键 词：高等教育 机会不平等 环境 努力 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]