广东某农村井水重金属的健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in well water of a rural area in Guangdong Province

作　　者：潘心红[1] 周洪伟[1] 程焰芳[1] 谢进[1] 柳华春[1] 王大虎[1] 罗晓燕[1] PAN Xinhong;ZHOU Hongwei;CHENG Yanfang;XIE Jin;LIU Huachun;WANG Dahu;LUO Xiaoyan(Department of Physics and Chemistry,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangdong 510440,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心理化部,广东510440

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第5期486-489,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(20211122151822219)。

摘　　要：目的通过广东某农村井水重金属监测,对重金属致癌和非致癌的健康风险进行评估,为当地饮水安全提供科学依据。方法2020年10月采集广东某农村14口水井的34宗井水,对照水源分别为山泉水和末梢水共24宗,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer,ICP-MS)进行检测,采用《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)和美国环保署推荐的健康风险评价模型,对其进行健康风险评估。结果广东某农村井水铊(Tl)的含量严重超标,超标率高达70%以上,铅(Pb)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、PH值和浑浊度含量也不同程度超标,井水致癌风险砷(As)>镉(Cd),分别为2.57×10^(-6)和3.01×10^(-8);Tl、Pb、Fe、Mn等非致癌性健康风险为65.10×10^(-8)~0.79×10^(-8),均低于国际放射防护委员会的推荐值(5.00×10^(-5))。结论广东某农村的井水部分重金属含量超出国家限量标准,提示井水铊超标现象较严重,需高度重视。定期加强监测和风险评估,防止重大发生公共卫生事件。Objective To assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of heavy metals through monitoring of heavy metals in well water in a rural area of Guangdong Province,and to provide scientific basis for local drinking water safety.Methods In October 2020,34 well water samples from 14 wells in a rural area of Guangdong Province were collected,and a total of 24 control water sources were mountain spring water and tap water,respectively.The samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).The health risk assessment was carried out according to the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water(GB 5749—2006)and the health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency.Results The content of thallium(Tl)in well water in a rural area of Guangdong Province seriously exceeded the standard,with a rate of over 70%.Lead(Pb),iron(Fe),manganese(Mn),PH value and turbidity content also exceeded the standard to varying degrees.The carcinogenic risk of arsenic(As)was higher than that of cadmium(Cd),which was 2.57×10^(-6) and 3.01×10^(-8),respectively.The non-carcinogenic health risks of Tl,Pb,Fe,Mn were 65.1×10^(-8)-0.79×10^(-8),which were lower than the recommended value of International Commission on Radiological Protection(5.00×10^(-5)).Conclusion The content of some heavy metals in well water in a rural area in Guangdong Province exceeds the national limit standard,and thallium in well water seriously exceeds the standard,which needs to be paid more attention to.Regular surveillance and risk assessment should be carried out to prevent major public health events.

关 键 词：井水 重金属 健康风险 评估 监测 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]