美国科学界与里根政府的战略防御计划  

The American Scientific Community and the Strategic Defense Initiative

作　　者：赵学功[1] ZHAO Xuegong

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2023年第2期4-22,127,共20页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“美国的非政府组织与东西方冷战研究”(17ZDA224)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：里根执政后放弃了此前“相互确保摧毁”战略,提出战略防御计划,发展在太空拦截和摧毁导弹的技术。这一计划是部分科学家提出来的,遭到很多科学家的强烈反对。美国科学界和一些著名大学先后介入战略防御计划的争论,反对意见认为战略防御计划在科学技术上行不通,而且势必破坏美苏战略平衡,引发新一轮的军备竞赛,危及世界和平与稳定。一批科学家配合政府积极开展各项研究,另一些科学家以研究报告和请愿等各种方式,不断对战略防御计划提出质疑,并试图阻止业已开展的研究活动。科学界的不满对里根政府的战略防御计划有所影响,但并没有阻止该计划的进行。After Reagan took office,the U.S.nuclear strategy and national security policy underwent significant changes.The Reagan administration abandoned the mutually assured destruction strategy and proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI)that would lead the U.S.-Soviet arms race into space.SDI was strongly opposed by many American scientists.In their opinion,the SDI was not only technically infeasible,but also would inevitably destroy the strategic balance between the U.S.and the Soviet Union,triggering a new round of arms race and endangering world peace and stability.A group of scientists published relevant research reports and questioned the feasibility of the SDI,expressing their dissatisfaction with the Reagan administration through petitions,lobbying,and boycotting participation in research activities.On the other hand,another group of scientists were actively involved in the research projects.The opposition from the scientific community did not stop the Reagan administration’s strategic defense initiative,although it had some impact on the implementation of the research program.

关 键 词：里根政府 战略防御计划 科学家 军备竞赛 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]