中世纪晚期英格兰的市长任职资格  

Mayoral Qualifications in Late Medieval England

作　　者：姜启舟 JIANG Qizhou

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院,天津300387

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2023年第2期58-72,127,128,共17页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“中世纪英国市民准入制度研究”(TJSL21-002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自13世纪以降,市长制在中世纪晚期英格兰各主要城市普遍建立。作为一种新型官员,市长的任职资格也随之由惯例、令状、特许状、法律等逐步框定,从而引入了市长准入制。从历史长时段看,在中世纪晚期大致形成了“四位一体”的市长任职资格,即道德品行、市民身份、财产资格与施政能力。市长任职资格的设立及其法定化,使得市长群体整体素养较高,有助于夯实城市自治的根基、发挥市长在城市治理中的核心作用。同时,此举也导致参与城市治理的基数较为有限,成为中世纪晚期英格兰城市政治走向寡头制的重要诱因与显著表征。The mayoralty was widely established in major cities and boroughs of England since the 13th century.As a new type of official,the qualifications of mayors had gradually been framed by customs,writs,charters and laws,thus introducing a mayoral access system.From a historical long-term perspective,a four-in-one mayoral qualification was roughly formed in the late Middle Ages,which included moral conduct,citizenship,property qualification and governance capability.The establishment and legalization of the mayoral qualifications enabled the overall literacy of the mayor group to be high,which helped to consolidate the foundation of urban autonomy and played the core role of mayors in urban governance.At the same time,it also resulted in a relatively limited base of participation in urban governance,becoming an important inducement and significant manifestation of the oligarchy in urban politics in late medieval England.

关 键 词：市长 任职资格 城市治理 中世纪晚期 英格兰 

分 类 号：K561.3[历史地理—历史学] D756.1[历史地理—世界史]