语势和文势对边疆民族地区推广普及国家通用语言文字的启示——以德宏傣族景颇族自治州为例  

Implications of Linguistic and Text Influences for the Popularization of National Language and Writing in Ethnic Frontiers:A Case Study of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture

作　　者：李秋萍 陈保亚[2] LI Qiuping;CHEN Baoya

机构地区：[1]德宏师范高等专科学校,云南德宏678400 [2]北京大学,北京100000

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期48-60,共13页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020J0839);国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于中国语言及方言的语言接触类型与演化建模研究”(14ZBD102);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“语言变异和接触机制研究”(19JJD740001);北京市社会科学基金重大项目“多语接触与中介语演化机制”(20ZDA20)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：语势是语言自然传承势力,可以从母语人口和词汇量两个方面对它进行量化。在边疆民族地区,民族语言因母语人口多而在村寨里具有较强语势;在乡镇、县城范围内,汉语方言(西南官话)作为区域通用语言,因使用人口多而拥有比民族语言更强的语势;从全国乃至全世界范围内来看,无论是使用人口还是词汇量,普通话都拥有民族语言或任何一种汉语方言无法比拟的强大语势,这种强语势承载着古往今来大量的政治、经济、文化信息,本身就具有极强的向心力,加之使用人口多、通用度广,是构建中华民族共同体的重要交际工具和思维载体。文势是文本形成的传播势力,汉文文势以汉字为载体,汉字在中国乃至东南亚都具有强大的文势。新时代在边疆少数民族地区推广普及国家通用语言文字,需要语势和文势并重,使边疆少数民族群众充分认识到它们的价值和作用,转变少数民族的思想观念,增强他们学习的内生动力。同时借助国家通用语言文字的语势和文势,实现与内地的交往交流交融,构建边疆少数民族地区健康和谐语言生活。Linguistic influence is a naturally inherited force,quantified by means of native language population and vocabulary size.In ethnic frontiers ethnic languages show a rather strong linguistic influence due to a large number of native speakers in villages;in towns and county capitals Chinese dialects(southwest China official language)are more commonly-used due to a larger number of users;nationwide and worldwide Putonghua(mandarin Chinese)shows a much more powerful influence than any other Chinese dialect,carrying a large amount of political,economic and cultural information accumulated since ancient times and demonstrating a very strong concentric force,and furthermore,due to a big population of users and a widespread circulation it is an important communication tool and thinking vehicle for the construction of the common Chinese community.Textual influence is a communication influence through text.The Chinese writing is based on Chinese characters,showing a strong influence in Southeast Asia.In the new era,in order to popularize the national language and writing,both linguistic and text influences should be emphasized so as to make the frontiers′minority people fully realize their value and role,change their otherwise different thought and concept,enhance their internal motivation for learning the Chinese language.Meanwhile,by means of the linguistic and text influences of national language the contact,communication and convergence between frontiers′minority people and the majority Chinese people can be promoted,thus constructing a healthy,harmonious linguistic livelihood for the minority people in frontiers.

关 键 词：国家通用语言文字 语势 文势 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]