生态学规律的“有无之辩”及其对传统科学的超越  

The Debate of the Existence of Ecological Laws and Its Transcendence Over Traditional Science

作　　者：江学如 JIANG Xueru(School of Marxism,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing,100876)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学马克思主义学院,北京100876

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2023年第7期58-64,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“生态学范式争论的哲学研究”(项目编号:16ZDA112)。

摘　　要：近些年来,在生态学界和哲学界存在关于生态学规律的“有无之辩”。以劳顿为代表的生态学家指出自然律是普遍为真的,群落生态学中并无普遍规律,只有偶适概括。对此,以图尔钦、科里万和金斯堡等人为代表的科学哲学家予以反驳,强调生态学存在规律,生态学中种群的指数增长规律、逻辑斯蒂增长规律等和物理学惯性规律在逻辑上存在着天然的相似性。由于生态学对象的复杂性、历史性和尺度依赖性,生态学规律并非普适的,而是具有很强的地方性实践特征。生态学既不会、也不可能成为物理学那样的学科,这种差异性本身彰显了生态学作为一门新兴复杂性学科的“自主性”,在界定规律时或许需要超越传统科学的概念框架。In recent years,there is a debate about whether there are universal laws of ecology in the field of ecology and philosophy.Ecologist represented by J.H.Lawton pointed out that the laws of nature are universal and true,and there are only accidental generalizations in community ecology.In this regard,philosophers of science represented by P.Turchin,M.Colyvan and L.R.Ginzberg refuted it,emphasizing the existence law of ecology.There are natural similarities between the exponential growth law and logistic growth law of population in ecology and the inertia law of physics.Due to the complexity,historicity and scale dependence of ecological objects,ecological laws are not universal,but have strong localities.Ecology will not and cannot become a discipline like physics.This difference itself just highlights the“autonomy”of ecology as an emerging complex discipline.We need to break the conceptual framework of traditional science when defining the law.

关 键 词：生态学 规律 有无之辩 物理学 历史性 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]